摘要
计算机控制农业来源于“精确农业”的概念和方法。它是应用３Ｓ技术（ＲＳ、ＧＩＳ、ＧＰＳ）把客观、科学的精确性引进县或大农场尺度的农业生产过程的一套集成的农业生产技术，它的技术基础是３Ｓ技术的耦合。实施计算机控制农业除了大幅度降低投入成本外，还有效地降低对环境的污染。美国于８０年代初期提出“精确农业”或“计算机辅助农业”的概念和设想。它起源于对农场范围内，在空间上均匀地施用农业技术措施的条件下农作物单位面积产量的空间不均匀性的认识。据１９９６年的报导，应用３Ｓ技术的计算机控制农业技术在美国已经受到农场主的广泛欢迎，计算机控制农业势将成为下一世纪的一种领先的农业生产技术。计算机控制农业的关键技术包括：①空间定位的农作物产量信息采集技术；②空间定位的土壤信息实时采集技术；③农田地理信息系统实时更新技术；④空间定位的农业投入控制系统；⑤实施计算机控制农业必须开发的硬件技术。在我国及早进行计算机控制农业的基础技术储备和试验研究无疑是十分必要的。在目前中国的农业运行体制条件下，可以在开发计算机控制农业所需要的上述单项硬件技术和计算机控制农业的集成技术的同时，选择华北山前平原的一个县，或新疆建设兵团农场或黑龙江大型国营农场?
The term of computer controlled agriculture (CCA)comes from the concept and design of “precision agriculture”or “computer aided agriculture”.It is a set of integrated agricultural techniques that introduces the objective and scientific accuracy into county level or farm scale agricultural production process by applying 3S technology(remote sensing,geographic information system,and global position system).Applying CCA can not only reduce cost of agricultural inputs but also effectively mitigate environmental pollution.In the early 1980s,the concept and design of “precision agriculture” or “computer aided agriculture” was first presented in the United States based on the recognition of uneven spatial distribution of unit area output in farm scale under the condition of applying evenly agricultural procedures.It was reported in 1996 that the CCA has been broadly welcomed among farmers in the United States.The CCA will become a leading technology for agricultural production in the next century.The key techniques of CCA include: 1) real time information sampling of agricultural input of spatial positioning; 2)soil information sampling of real time of spatial positioning; 3)updating techniques of farm GIS; 4)agricultural input controlled system of spatial positioning;and 5)the required hardware of CCA in China.Under the current condition of agricultural operation regime in China,it is suggested that a county in piedimont Plain of North China or a large farm in Xinjiang can be selected for pilot study and experiment for practicing the design of CCA.
出处
《资源科学》
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第2期34-38,共5页
Resources Science
关键词
计算机控制农业
精确农业
农业
现代化建设
Computer controlled agriculture,Precision agriculture,3S techniques,Real time information sampling
