摘要
五年试验观测结果表明:渭北旱地冬小麦一生总耗水量平均为430毫米、日均蒸散量1.57毫米;其中2/3来自于小麦生长期间的自然降水量,1/3来自于土壤贮水量。五年平均土壤耗水140.9毫米,占2米土层土壤有效含水量的36.3％,冬小麦返青期前历时长而耗水少,主要消耗同期降水和土壤上层贮水,返青期后历时短而耗水多,主要消耗同期降水和土壤深层贮水。冬小麦对土壤水分的利用能力随土层的加深逐渐减弱,随小麦生育期的向后推移耗水土层逐渐加深,对土壤深层贮水的利用量逐渐增大。增施肥料(有机肥N′P配合)和轮作倒茬均可提高作物产量。应根据旱地冬少麦的生长发育及耗水特点,充分适用综合农业栽培管理措施,提高产量,提高旱地冬小麦的水分生产效率。
The results from 5 years' experiments clearly indicate that total amount of water consumption by winter wheat in rainfed Land on the Weibei Highland is 430 mm. with a daily evaportranspiration of 1.57 mm on the average, of which 2/3 of moisture come from natural rainfall in the wheat growing period, and 1/3 from the moisture stored in soils. The average soil Water consumption in 5 years is 140.9 mm, accounting for 36.3% of available soil moisture in 2-meter soil layer. Before the winter wheat reviving, wheat grows for a short period and consumes large amount of soil water, which comes mainly from rainfall water and stored soil moistnre in deep layer. Soil moisture used by winter wheat gradually reduces with soil layer deepened; Soil layer of water consumption by wheat gradually deepens with the wheat growth and development stage extended. Water stored in the deep layer consumed by wheat gradudlly increases. Increasing application of fertilizers(mainly N and P fertilizers in matching)and rotation can improve wheat yields. Based on the growth and development laws and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat in rainfed lands, making full use of comprehensive cultlvation techniques and management practices can raise wheat yields and improve the response of winter to fertilizers.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1989年第3期54-65,共12页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
