摘要
旱地土壤管理的核心是水分管理。充分蓄水、合理用水、千方百计保水是管理的出发点和归宿。我国旱农在这方面有着丰富经验。平整土地、蓄水耕作(如沟种和坑种)、深耕、客土调剂等,均能增强水分就地入渗、在蓄纳降水方面有重要作用。合理施肥、采用轮作、休闲,种植绿肥等措施,提高或恢复土壤肥力,能充分发挥水分的增产效益,选用抗旱作物,巧用地墒播种能使有限降水得到合理利用。墒欠镇压,趁墒耙耱,雨后中耕,以砂覆盖等措施,能减少水分蒸发损失,至今仍在旱农生产中发挥着作用。
The main problem for crop production on the drylaud of semi-arid regions in China is the Shortage of available water, and therefore the soil management is concentrated in water management. Full storage of water in soil, ratilonal utilization of it, and reservation of the stored water as much as possible are the startnig point and end-results of the soil management.Levelling lands, ploughing, mixing some sandy soil with clay soil or clay soil with sandy soil, and taking effectiye drought-relief tillage have played a great role in increasing water percolation of soil and reserving water in soil. The tillage pracljces worthy of mention here are cultivation in pits and cultivation in furrows. The two metheds were used as early as in the Han dynasty and have been tested and improved.The procedure of the furrow cultivation is as follows,digging land to make furrows at a certain distance,deep ploughing the furrows,cracking the soll blocks,compacting the loose soil and smoothing the surface,and then Planting crops in the furrows. The soil dugout from the furrows is used to make ridges. The ridges and the rest of the field retain fallow or are usad to plant green mannre crops. After harvest of the crops,the furrows are moved to the place next the primary ones. In this way, through about 3 to 4 years, all the soil in the land has been used as furrows and improved.The pit cnltivation has the same procedure as the former except digging pits instead of furrows. Experiments showed that. by digging furrows or pits, soil water and grain ylelds were increased significantly.Nore attention has been paid in the dryland farming to using as much as possible the water stored in soil and making the water produce the greatst efficiency of production. Raising soil fertility is more inportant for inereasing the production afficiency of precipitation Application of fertilizers,use of rotalion, fallow and planting green manure crops can raise and recover soil fertility,making soil water more efficient. Also, the use of drought-resis tent crops and adoption of suitable method for seeding under the condition of laking moisture in soil can make use of the limited water to the fullest extent.Reserving stored water in soil as long as possible has attracted attention in dryland soil management. Such measures as rolling lands when soil moisture is deficient,loosing and raking soil when soil is wet, hoeing after rain and mulching with sand and gravels can diminish losses from evaporation and have so far played an important role in dryland agricul tural production.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1989年第1期1-10,共10页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
