摘要
木兰科全世界有１５属２４０种，分布于亚、美两洲。亚洲有１４属，１８９种；美洲有４属，５１种，亚洲属种远多于美洲。其中鹅掌楸属、木兰属及盖裂木属为亚、美洲间断分布属。木兰科的植物区系共有９个，在亚洲有４个区系，即东亚、东南亚、马来西亚、印度，在美洲有５个区系，即大西洋北美、加勒比、安第斯、亚马逊、巴西南部。其中以东亚、东南亚及马来西亚最为丰富。木兰科分布的植被类型有４种，即热带雨林、季雨林、亚热带常绿阔叶林、温带夏绿阔叶林，其中主要分布于热带雨林有７属，季雨林有２属，亚热带常绿阔叶林有６属。木兰科原产地的气候型有４种，即热带气候型、热带高山气候型、大陆东岸气候型（含温暖型及冷寒型），其中热带气候型及大陆东岸气候型（温暖型）为最多，达６～８个属。掌握木兰科与植物地理分布的关系有助于其资源的开发和利用。
Magnoliaceae is a family of famous flowering ornamental woody plants in the world. There are 15 genera and 240 species, distributed in Asia and America, of them 14 genera and 189 species in Asia, 4 genera 51 species in America. The fact shows that the genera and species in Asia far outnumber those in America, Liriodendron, Magnolia and Talauma are the disjunct distribution type both in Asia and America. There are 9 floristic regions of Magnoliaceae in the world,4 regions are in Asia, i.e. Sino Japanese,S.E. Asiatic, Malaysian, and Indian, 5 regions in America,i.e. Atlantic North American, Caribbean, Andean and South Brazilian. Among them Sino Japanese, S.E.Asiatic and Malayrian are very rich in the world. There are 4 types of plant vegetational types of Magnoliaceae,i.e. Tropical rain forest, Monsoon forest, Subtropical evergreen broad leaf forest, Temperast summergreen broad leaf forest; 7 genera in Tropical rain forest, 2 genera in Monsoon forest, 6 genera in Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest. There are 4 endemic climatic types of Magnoliaceae——Tropical climatic type, Climatic type of tropical alpine, Climatic type of eastern coast of the continent, contaning warm type, Cold type. Among them about 6～8 genera distribute in Tropical climatic type and Climatic type of eastern coast of the continent, making up the most number of Magnoliaceae. This article deals with the relationship between the plant of Magnoliaceae and their geographical distribution in the world, and in order to offer some ways of introduction and utilization for further development of plant resourses of Magnoliacese. Author’s address Nanjing Forestry School, Nanjing 210042 PRC
出处
《江苏林业科技》
1998年第2期46-49,共4页
Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology
关键词
木兰科
植物区系分布
植被类型
植物气候型
Magnoliaceae
Distribution of floristic regions
Vegetational types
Plant climatic type
