摘要
作为地球科学一个重要分支的地球信息科学，在近１０多年来已得到人们的广泛关注与高度重视。本文以信息科学为基础分析信息流的意义及其与物质流和能量流的关系，阐述地球信息科学在地球科学中的地位及其内涵，并从地球信息机理、地球信息技术以及地球信息科学的应用三方面论述地球信息科学研究的主要内容。
Geo information Science emerged recently as an accepted term with the popularity of geographical technologies such as geographical information system, global positioning system and satellite remote sensing, and great demand for effective use of the geographical information to deal with complex issues like the regional sustainable development and global change. It may be believed that Geo information science will grow to be an important branch of Earth System Science and play when we step into the information age of 21th century. The authors attempted to probe the fundamental issues and principal area for Geo information science in this article form its origin and main contents and research topics. Firstly, we discussed the Geo information science from the technological and application sets. From the point of view of the technology development, there exist several relevant and similar terms such as Geomatics, Geographical Information Science, Iconic Informatics, which were advanced from different principals, like photogrammetry, remote sensing. It was said that all these principals concerning the geo information collecting, analysis and communication promoted and contributed, to some extent, the emergency of Geo information science. At the same time, the research of the global change, regional sustainable development and other comprehensive and complex issues concerning the earth system asks us to reveal the principals governing the movement of the matter and energy, the interaction among the different geo spheres not only from the matter and energy cycles, but also from the information flow. As an umbrella for the fundamental problems surrounding the geo information collection, storage, analysis and communication, the main research contents for Geo information science may include Geo informatics, Geo information technologies and its application. Geo informatics, as its basic theory for revealing the development and evolution of the earth system, includes the geo information expression, structure and characteristics, information transfer process and amplification and decreasing among the geo spheres, spatial cognition and uncertainty and forecastability, and others. The geo information technologies involves the aspects for information collection such as remote sensing and GPS, simulation and analysis such as GIS, DBMS, and communication like Information Highway, electric atlas. Geo information science has a wide application area, especially finds utilization in the global change and sustainable development research. Therefore Geo information science, a multi discipline spanning over the Earth Science, System Science and Information technologies, will bloom up and become a supporting branch of the Geo information science soon.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第4期372-380,共9页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
中国科学院"九.五"特别支持项目
关键词
信息流
地球信息科学
GIS
the stream of information, geo information science, the mechanism of geo information, the earthly observation system, geographic information system, information highway
