摘要
枣庄地区第四系覆盖层厚５～１０ｍ，其结构上细下粗，下伏的奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙发育，岩溶地面塌陷主要集中在十里泉和丁庄—东王庄这两个最大的水源地。大量抽取地下水使地下水位波动的幅度增大，潜蚀作用增强。当地下水位降至基岩面以下时，上覆土层的浮托力消失，产生失托加荷作用，同时在岩溶洞穴中出现的真空又对土层产生了吸蚀作用，上述各种作用均能破坏土层结构，最终导致地面塌陷。因此，在地面塌陷的防治上可采用调整地下水开采量，把水位波动带控制在基岩面以下，以避免地下水各种作用的破坏；在兴建工程建筑时，避开岩溶裂隙发育地段；对塌陷区及时进行相应的工程治理等。
おn Zaozhuang area, the Quaternary overburden with thickness of 5~10m is composed of sandy clay, fine sands and sandgravel layer. The underlying bedrock consists mainly of Ordovician limestones in which the karst fissures are well developed. The surface collapses mainly lie in the two largest water supply sites, Shiliquan and DingzhuangDongwangzhuang. Because of massivery pumping groundwater, the range of phreatic fluctuation is enlarged and the suffosion is enhanced. When the groundwater table drops lower than the surface of the bedrock, the buoyancy in covering soil is decreased and the attraction force to soil is increased. All these effects will result in destruction of soil structure, and eventually, the surface collapses take place. The ways of prevention and control of collapses are proposed as follows: the groundwater fluctuation zone must be controlled below the surface of the bedrock by adjusting the exploited amount of groundwater; the karst fissure zones should be kept away when engineering is built; and the collapses should be treated in time.
出处
《中国岩溶》
CAS
CSCD
1998年第2期104-110,共7页
Carsologica Sinica
关键词
岩溶
地面塌陷
地下水位
水源地
山东
枣庄地区
Karst Surface collapse Groundwater table Water supply sites Zaozhuang, Shandong Province
