摘要
明代徐霞客于1639年对云南省腾冲火山地热作了详细的考察与记录。正确地确定了腾冲火山（群）环状展布格架和总体南北走向的趋势。访问记录了打鹰山1609年火山爆发（极可能为蒸气岩浆爆发）景观和爆发前后生态环境变化与灾变事件。观察、采集与描述火山岩—浮岩。对腾冲火山考察记录为研究腾冲火山活动史留下最早的详细的文字记录。开辟了我国古代火山学与火山环境地学的研究领域。徐霞客对腾冲—丽江—带的地热作了更为广泛的考察：详细、形象地描述硫磺塘村水热爆炸坑中沸泉喷出水气的宏伟的景观；采用了具有地热分类意义的术语—佛泉、温泉，描述水温与喷溢方式；发现与描述了喷气孔，详细记述喷气孔的结构与形态，提出喷若发机、热源来自地下的观点；描述来华的成分与来华堆积的形态（石芝菌）；记述民间利用地热的情况和养硝酿磺的工艺过程。凡此，对火山与地热考察内容几乎涵盖了现代地质学对火山与地热野外考察研究的主要内容。可谓一次超越时代的科学考察，体现了求实性描述自然的方向和朴素的唯物主义思想。《游记》中关于火山地热内容成为重要的科学文献．不仅具有历史意义，而且对腾冲火山的研究、地热的开发利用、特色旅游事业的发展均具有科学价值和现实意义。为此，作者提出徐霞客对火山?
The ring-like framework with the strike tending NS for Tengchong 3 volcanos isrecognized by Xu Xiake during his investigation on volcano-geotherm in Yunnan in l639-According to his visit to some people, he took notes on volcaonic eruption and ecologicenvironment and catastrophe events of pre-post eruption occurred in 1609, which providedthe early detail record of volcanic activities in Tengchong. What he had done opened up anew research subjectrtncient volcanology and volcanic environment in China. Based onhis vivid description of hot spring eruption and ana1ytic re1ation between the temperatureof water and eruption type, component and morphology of sinter, as well as how to usegeotherm such as process of extracting sulphur and saltpetre from hot spring, he pointedout the mechanism of eruption and hot resources are originated from the underground'The investigation was involved so many aspects of modern volcano and geothermknowledge that it can be considered as a scientific survey surpassed his era, which reflectsrealistic description of nature and native materialism.Xu Xiake's description of vo1cano-geotherm is not only regarded with historicalsignificance but also has up to date practical significance for studying volcano, exploringand using geotherm- For these reasons. the author considers that Xu Xiake 3 investigationon volcano and geotherm as the third contribution to earth science followed by survey ofkarst landform and water resources-
出处
《火山地质与矿产》
1998年第2期147-157,共11页
Volcanology & Mineral Resources
关键词
火山
地热
考察
徐霞客
云南
腾冲地区
volcano geotherm contribution investigation Tengchong Yunnun
