摘要
论文以山东广饶县为例,进行了基于栅格数据的耕地测土配方施肥技术研究。利用GIS技术对研究区域养分采集样点进行插值,得到县域氮、磷、钾养分含量分布图,然后对县域目标产量区划图,土壤养分校正系数分布图,县域氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分布图进行栅格化处理,图件栅格大小为50 m×50 m,数量为1145×1684个。研究区域耕地面积为61609.51 hm2,每个栅格代表的面积是0.032 hm2。最后在GIS中对栅格图件进行计算,得到每个栅格的施肥量,进而得到施肥配方。结果表明,栅格数据具有较高的表达精度,研究结果对耕地利用和施肥工作有积极的指导作用。
The fertilization in China is always a serious problem which has blocked the development of China＇ s agriculture for long time. In order to improve the fertilization technology, this paper took Guangrao County in Shandong Province as a study area and studied soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology based on raster data. Interpolating sampling points of the study area in GIS, the distribution maps of the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were obtained, and the result showed that the distribution of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Guangrao County is imbalance. The level of the available nitrogen is high in south and middle area and low in the north ; the level of the available phosphorus is high in large area, especially in the south area, only low in few sites in north and middle-south area ; the level of the available potassium is high in south and northeast area and low in middle and northwest area. This showed that fertilization can increase the agricultural output in a long run. Switching all maps including distribution maps of target yield, the distribution maps of soil nutrients correction coefficient, distribution maps of fertilizers utilization ratio into raster data with the same raster size of50m×50m, the raster data were gotten with the number of 1145×1648. The number of cultivated land in the study area is 61609.51 ha and each raster can represent 0. 032 ha. Finally, the raster maps were calculated in GIS and the fertilizer recommendations were gotten in each raster. The result showed that the nutrient demands in Guangrao are imbalance. The demand of nitrogenous fertilizer is relatively low and centralized in south area within the number of 200 kg·ha^-1, only few sites exceeded 800 kg·ha^-1. The demand of phosphorous fertilizer is imbalance and the area within 20 kg·ha^-1 and exceeds 240 kg·ha^-1 is large. The demand of potassic fertilization is different in different areas, which is more than 400 kg·ha^-1 in south area but is very low in north area. Generally speaking, the demands of nitrogenous, phosphorous and potassic fertilizer all generally increase from the north area to the south area. Based on the research result, farmers can decide the position and number of fertilizer by the distributing maps of fertilization and regionalization. In the GIS interface, the attributes of the raster maps can be inquired in the corresponding position. With the attributes data, farmers can know the number and proportion of fertilization for the general crops. The result showed that raster data had high precision in the research. This research is significant for the cultivated land utilization and the management of fertilizers at county level.
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第6期975-983,共9页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
国家级“星火计划”重点项目(2007EA740002)
国家自然科学基金(40571160)
“十一五”国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD10A10)资助
关键词
耕地
测土配方施肥
GIS
栅格
山东广饶县
cultivated land
soil testing and fertilizer recommendation
GIS
raster data
Guangrao County
