摘要
对上海中心城区文教区、居民区和城市广场等儿童日常活动区域代表样点进行定期采样,共采集48个地表灰尘样品,应用美国EPA人体暴露风险评价方法对地表灰尘重金属进行健康风险评价.结果表明,研究区域地表灰尘重金属污染较为严重,Zn、Pb、Cu和Cd平均值分别为上海市土壤背景值的6-8倍,Cr和Ni超出2-3倍.暴露模型计算表明,重金属慢性每日平均暴露量为手-口接触摄入量〉皮肤吸收量〉吸入空气量,经手-口接触行为直接摄入是儿童地表灰尘暴露风险的主要途径.重金属非致癌风险Pb〉Cr〉Ni〉Cu〉Zn〉Cd,均小于非致癌风险阈值1,对人体不会造成健康危害;致癌重金属致癌风险Cr〉Ni〉Cd,均低于癌症风险阈值,表明不具有致癌风险.
The exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts for children were carried out by using US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. 48 road dust samples were collected in cultural and educational area, residential area, and city squares in Shanghai. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were more than 6-8 times, Cr and Ni more than 2-3 times higher than the soil background values. Average dally doses of ingestion of dust particles for all the metals were much higher than those of inhalation of re-suspended dust particles and dermal contact with dust particles. The highest levels of risks seemed to be associated with the route of ingestion of dust particles for all the metals. The order of non-cancer hazard indexes of metals was Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Cd, and the order of carcinogen risks of metals was Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cd. The non-cancer hazard indexes and carcinogen risks of metals were both lower than their threshold values, respectively, which indicated that the adverse health impact on children exposure to metals in road dusts were relatively light in Shanghai.
出处
《中国环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第5期548-554,共7页
China Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40730526)
关键词
地表灰尘
重金属
暴露量
健康风险评价
上海市
road dust
heavy metal
average daily dose
health risk assessment. Shanghai City
