摘要
文章首先扼要剖析了林业发展的三个历史阶段:农耕前及农业时代(古代)的原始林业,工业化时代(近代)的传统林业以及后工业时代的现代林业,强调了真正的现代林业只能从全世界范围内开始生态觉醒的二十世纪中叶算起,现在还处在过渡和形成阶段。文章对从传统林业向现代林业过渡中产生的几种森林经营理论进行了评说,其中包括多用途林业、林业分工论、新林业、近自然林业、生态林业等等。在对各种林业理论的评述中指出了各自的产生背景、合理内核及应用局限。文中指出与进入后工业(知识经济)时代的社会经济发展相适应的林业发展道路应当是现代高效持续林业。在中国的现实条件下,现代高效持续林业必须做到:(一)保护原有森林、扩建新的森林资源和全面提高森林生产力相结合;(二)护存林业、自然化林业和集约化培育林业相结合;(三)多林种的合理配置和多功能的综合经营相结合;(四)高新科学技术和高效的传统科技相结合,把现代林业发展成知识密集型的产业和事业。高效和可持续是中国现代林业应具有的主要特征。
This paper at its beginning briefly analyzed the three historical periods of forestry development, namely the primitive forestry in preagricultural and agricultural era, the traditional forestry in industrial (premodern) era and the modern forestry in post-industrial contemporary era .An emphasis was made that the real modern forestry started only lately at the middle of the 20 century after the breakthrough of the worldwide ecological awareness, and it is now only at the stage of formation and transition from the past.A brief review was made in this paper on several forest management theories in the transition period. Those included the multiple use forestry, differentiated purpose forestry, new forestry, near-natural forestry ( naturnahe forstwirtschaft ), ecological forestry etc . The background of their origination , their rational nucleus and their limitation in application were indicated.It was concluded that the only strategic choice for forestry development in the social-economic situation of post-industrial or knowledge economics era is the modern highly efficient and sustainable forestry. On the background of China's reality the modern forestry should be proceeding to satisfy the following requirements: (1) the integration of the protection of the existing forests, establishment of new forest resources and overall increase of forest productivity; (2) the integration of conservation forestry, naturalized forestry and intensive plantation forestry; (3) the integration of rational arrangement of multiple forest categories with the integral management on the multiple functions of forests ; (4) the integration of the new hightechniques with the valid traditional techniques to build-up a type of knowledge-concentrated forestry . The high efficiency and sustainability are the essential characteristics of China's modern forestry .
出处
《世界科技研究与发展》
CSCD
1998年第2期38-45,共8页
World Sci-Tech R&D
