摘要
堆肥是农业废弃物资源化利用有效的途径之一,作为土壤改良剂使用时具有良好的改土增产效果。本文以常规土壤栽培作为对照,将堆制30天与90天两种不同腐熟程度麦秸堆肥植入土壤,考察其在日光温室番茄栽培系统中的改土增产效果。结果表明:与对照相比,土壤添加麦秸堆肥显著改善了其物理性状,降低了土壤体积质量(容重),提高了土壤大小孔隙比,30天与90天两种堆肥处理下土壤体积质量分别降低至0.8263、0.9003 g/cm^3,大小孔隙比分别提高至1:3.51、1:4.78;两种堆肥处理均提高了番茄叶片的净光合速率,座果期30天堆肥、90天堆肥及对照3种处理下番茄叶片净光合速率分别为CO_2 21.18、18.77、18.65μmol/(m·s),采收期分别为CO_2 21.21、20.93、18.92μmol/(m·s),并且两个时期下30天堆肥处理均与对照处理达到显著差异:同时,两种堆肥处理均显著增加了番茄产量,3种处理下每裁培小区番茄产量分别达到82.48、80.25、68.66 kg。30天堆肥处理在改善土壤物理性状、提高番茄叶片净光合速率与番茄产量上的作用效果高于90天堆肥处理,表明秸秆堆肥在作为设施土壤改良剂施用时,完全腐熟并不是最佳腐熟程度,实际应用中应根据堆肥物料及堆制时期的差异合理确定堆制时间与腐熟程度。
Composting is one of the effective methods to utilize agricultural wastes, and agricultural waste compost as a soil amendment could improve soil properties and raise crop yields effectively. In this paper, the wheat straw compost at two different stages of maturity （30d and 90d） were incorporated into topsoil in a greenhouse tomato production system to observe the effect on soil physical properties and tomato yields. Compared with conventional cultivation （CK）, the application of 30d and 90d compost treatments improved soil physical properties as the bulk density reduced to 0.8263 and 0.9003 g/era3, and the ratio of aeration porosity to water-holding porosity increased to 1：3.51 and 1：4.78, repsectively. The two compost treatments improved tomato photosynthesis, for Pn, under 30d compost treatment, 90d compost treatment and CK, exhibited 21.18, 18.77, 18.65 CO2 μmol/（m-s） during fruit-setting period and 21.21, 20.93, 18.92 CO2 μmol/（m.s） during harvesting period. Meanwhile the two compost treatments increased tomato yield significantly, the plot yield, under 30d compost treatment, 90d compost treatment and CK, were 82.48, 80.25 and 68.66 kg respectively. And 30d compost treatment showed superior efficiency in improving soil physical properties, raising net photosynthesis and yields compared with 90d compost. These results indicate that complete maturity isn＇t the optimal while wheat straw compost was used as soil amendment, and it is necessary to find the proper composting time and maturity extent based on the compost materials and composting period during compost utilizing.
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期253-257,共5页
Soils
基金
山东省博士后创新基金项目(200803018)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD17B07)
山东农科院创新基金项目(2007YCX023-01)资助
关键词
麦秸
堆肥
腐熟程度
日光温室
番茄
应用效果
Wheat straw, Compost, Maturity extent, Greenhouse, Tomato, Application effect
