摘要
目的:探讨浙江省金华地区某院2005年1月至2007年4月期间麻疹发病情况及特征。方法:对2005年1月至2007年4月期间某院575例麻疹初诊病例及其中126例小儿住院病例进行临床流行病学分析。结果:575例麻疹病例中,324例(占56.4%)为农村及外来人口,251例(占43.6%)为城镇病例。年龄1个月～59岁,≤14岁年龄组病例342例(占59.5%),其中<1岁患者占本组79.5%;>14岁年龄组病例233例(占40.5%),其中21～30岁患者占本组46.8%。发病高峰为4～6月份。126例住院患儿中,32例系母婴均发病。临床仍以典型麻疹为主要表现,85例(67.5%)合并肺炎的患儿年龄均<8个月龄,并有72例(占肺炎患儿的84.7%)伴有心肌酶谱改变,70例(82.3%)伴肝功能改变,27例(21.4%)伴腹泻,3例伴高热惊厥,7例伴中毒性脑病。结论:近年麻疹发病数明显高于往年,发病高发年龄为<1岁及21～30岁年龄组,农村及外来人口居多,母婴同患病不少,肺炎仍是小儿麻疹最常见并发症,多同时伴心肌及肝功能损害,病情较为凶险。加强计划免疫管理和尝试麻疹疫苗复种对控制麻疹流行有重要意义。
[Objective]To investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of measles in Jinhua area during January 2005 to April 2007.[Method]A total of 575 patients,including 126 hospitalized pediatric patients,initially diagnosed with measles in Jinhua Central Hospital were analyzed.[Result]Among the 575 patients,aged 1 month to 59 years,324(56.4%) were from rural areas or immigrants,and 251(43.6%) from urban areas.Of the 342(59.5%) pediatric patients,79.5%were < 1 year;of233(40.5%) adult patients,46.8%were aged 21 - 30 years.The incidence peaked from April to June every year. Of the 126 hospitalized pediatric patients,32 of their mothers were infected as well.The clinical characteristics of measles in most of these patients presented as typical measles.Eighty- five patients(67.5%) were complicated with pneumonia.Among these patients,all aged < 8 months,72 patients(84.7%) existed myocardial enzyme alteration,70 patients(82.3%) with liver function changes,27(21.4%) with diarrhea,3 with febrile convulsion,and 7 with toxic encephalopathy.[Conclusion] Measles incidence increases in recent years,with peak ages of less than 1 year or ranged 21-30 years.Rural and immigrant population were much more susceptibility to measles.Mother and infant co-infection cannot be neglected.Pneumonia is the major complication,often associated with myocardial and liver function injury.It is of epidemiological significance to strengthen the immunization program management and investigation on revaccination.
出处
《浙江医学教育》
2007年第3期53-55,共3页
Zhejiang Medical Education
关键词
麻疹
流行病学
临床
Measles
Epidemiology
clinical
