摘要
为有效管制城市垃圾,我国迫切需要建立城市垃圾管制长效机制,实现从命令控制政策向环境经济政策的"历史性转变"。本文在对环境经济政策的理论基础与实践经验进行回顾的基础上,着重讨论三类环境经济政策:垃圾按量收费、预收处理费用与循环回收补贴、押金返还制度。结果表明,鉴于垃圾污染问题的独特特征(属于面源污染,边际环境损害与个体行为水平不存在简单线性关系,垃圾污染责任难以明确界定等),城市垃圾管制没有简单、单一的环境经济政策。必须针对各责任主体设计独特化、具体化、精细化、针对性的环境经济政策。任何一种环境经济政策的有效性都是相对的,都需要相关政策的支持、配合,也都必须和现有的法律制度、文化背景、经济水平等相适配。由此,不同环境经济政策必须整合协调使用,最终形成城市垃圾管制一体化环境经济政策体系。
To regulate municipal solid waste effectively, China needs to construct perpetual mechanism of municipal solid waste regulation, and to fulfill the ＂historic transformation＂ of command and control policies to environmental ＆ economic policies. Based on theoretical and practical analysis about environmental ＆ economic policies, this paper aims to explore three policies： pay-as-you-throw（PATF）, advance disposal fees（ADF） and recycling subsidies（RS）, and deposit refund system（DRS）. Our study shows that waste problem has its special characteristics. For example, it belongs to non-point pollution, there＇s no simple linear correlativity between marginal environmental harm and private behavior, and pollution responsibility cannot be defined explicitly. Thus, there＇s no simple environmental ＆ economic policy that is universal in municipal solid waste regulation. We should apply specific, idiographic, and elaborate economic instruments. What＇s more, the effectiveness of any policy is limited, and any policy should be cooperated closely with other policies and be adapted to the existing legal system, ctdtural characteristics and development level. And we should integrate different policies, thus to establish integrated system of environmental economic policies.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第2期98-103,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
浙江省社科规划课题"城市生活垃圾减量化的激励性管制政策研究:理论
经验证据和实施对策"(07JDGZ06YB)
浙江省社会科学界联合会社科普及课题"消费者资源节约与环境保护手册"的研究成果
关键词
城市垃圾管制
环境经济政策
体系
垃圾按量收费
押金返还制度
municipal solid waste regulation
envirormental ＆ economic policy
system
pay-as-you-throw
deposit refund system
