摘要
以等脂肪(7.5%)、饲料碳水化合物水平分别为13.82%、19.41%、25.72%、31.80%及38.20%的5组实验饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)(初始体重0.17±0.00g)8周。实验结果表明,最低碳水化合物饲料组成活率最低,其余各组间差异不显著。当饲料碳水化合物从13.82%升高到25.72%,而饲料蛋白从45.86%降低到37.82%时,对虾特定生长率差异不显著(p>0.05)。饲料碳水化合物水平显著影响了对虾血糖、血清蛋白浓度及肠道可溶性蛋白含量(p<0.05),其含量均为最低碳水化合物饲料组最低,血糖浓度在饲料碳水化合物25.72%时达最高,随饲料碳水化合物的进一步升高其含量保持不变。虾体粗脂肪和能量有随饲料碳水化合物的升高而升高的趋势。以上结果表明:在本实验条件下,饲料中碳水化合物含量为13.82%时不能满足凡纳滨对虾的正常需要,饲料碳水化合物对蛋白质有一定的节约作用。
The effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth and some physiological-biochemical index in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei （ initial average weight 0.17 ± 0.00g, mean ＋ S. E） were evaluated by using practical diets. The fishmeal and defatted soybean meal were used as main protein source,fish oil and lecithin as main lipid source and wheat meal as the carbohydrate source. Five iso-lipidic （7.5% crude lipid） practical test diets were formulated containing five carbohydrate levels： 13.82% , 19.41% ,25.72% ,31.80% and 38.2% ,protein levels were 45.86% ,42.01% ,37.82% , 33.30% ,29.01% ,respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 40 shrimps per tank （260 L） for 8 weeks. The water temperature was 28.5±2℃ and the salinity was 28 ±1 ‰ during the experimental period. The results showed that the survival and growth was significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate levels （p 〈 0. 05）. Shrimps fed the diets containing the lowest carbohydrate level showed the lowest survival, but no significant differences in survival were found among other treatments. At dietary carbohydrate level increased from 13.82% to 25.72% and protein level decreased from 45.90% to 39.02% ,no significant differences in growth were found （p 〉 0.05）. No significant differences on amylase and a-glucosidase activity of intestine and muscle glycogen were found among dietary treatments （p 〉 0.05）. However, protein concentration in intestine was significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate levels （p 〈 0.05 ） ,the lowest protein concentration in intestine was found at the lowest dietary carbohydrate level （ 13.82% ）. No significant differences in muscle glycogen was observed among the dietary treatments （p 〉 0.05）. Glucose and protein concentration in hemo- lymph were significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate levels （p 〈 0.05） , and they were both at the lowest concentration in the lowest dietary carbohydrate levels （ 13.82% ）. Glucose concentration in hemolymph increased with the increasing dietary carbohydrate levels from 13.82% to 25.72% and reached to the peak with dietary carbohydrate levels at 25.72% , but no significantly differences were found when dietary carbohydrate levels increased from 25.72% to 38.20%. Protein concentration in bemolymph reached the peak with dietary carbohydrate levels at 19.41% ,and no significantly differences were found at dietary carbohydrate levels increased from 19.41% to 38.20%. Body protein content decreased with the increasing dietary carbohydrate levels, body lipid and body energy showed converse trend. The present results suggested that the diet containing 13.82% carbohydrate might not be enough to meet the carbohydrate requirement of Litopenaeus van- namei,and the increase of dietary carbohydrate level had some efficient protein-sparing effects.
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期289-295,共7页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
教育部新世纪人才项目(NECT-05-0596)资助
关键词
凡纳滨对虾
碳水化合物
生长
代谢
Litopenaeus vannamei
Carbohydrate
Growth
Physiological-biochemical index
