摘要
降水条件很大程度上决定了森林生态环境的演变。相反，森林的变化对降水在群落中的分布状况，甚至大气降水的形成过程都会产生影响。本文应用系统生态学、植物生态学、气象学、地理空间分析等理论和方法，研究了降水与森林相互作用的一些规律性，并刻意从森林的宏观动态（面积变化）和微观动态（群落生长）两方面探讨了森林与降水的相互作用机理。作者认为，森林的生长动态对降水的影响主要表现在对水分的再分配；而森林面积的锐减却通过减少大气中的凝结核和减少水汽输入等方式影响到降水的形成过程。目前，世界上热带、亚热带森林遭受大规模砍伐，随着这些地区森林的日益消失，大气与森林之间的物质能量交换过程将会减弱，从而不同程度地改变全球大气降水形成的条件。
The condition of precipitation has considerably determined the varies in forest ecological environment,the forest dynamics,in return,must have made an important influence to rainfall distribution in the community,and even to shaping procedure of precipitation in the atomsphere.This paper has discussed some regularities of the interaction between precipitation and forest by applying curtain theories and/or methods of system ecology,plant ecology,meteorology,and spatial analysis of geography.Moreover,the interactive mechanism within forest and precipitation were stressed from two aspects of silvan dynamic states-one of macrocosmic (the change of woodland area),the other of microcosimc(growth of the silvan community).Finally,author realized that the forest growth dynamics act precipitation only by redistribution rainfall within community,but the dynamics of woodland area decreasing fast would act the process of precipitation by reducing the steam condensation nucleus in atomsphere and/or reducing vapor input to air.At the presant day,lower latitude forest on tropical and subtropical zone has been chopped down widely in the world.With the forest in the region disappeared as time passing,the exchange procedure of matter and energy flow between atomsphere and forest will slow down.Therefore,it will more or less alter the shaping conditions of global precipitaiton.
出处
《大自然探索》
1998年第1期85-90,共6页
Discovery of Nature
关键词
降水
树冠截流
淋洗
森林生态系统
相互作用
precipitation,canopy interception,leaching,transpiration & evaporation,resource of water vapor,condensation nucleus
