摘要
对现有转轴强度计算的几种主要方法作了简评,为弥补这些方法的不足,提出了相对当量弯矩法。即转轴大多为阶梯轴,每一轴段的相对当量弯矩Mv定义为该轴段的最大当量弯矩Mcamax与该轴段直径d或平均直径d之比。在阶梯形转轴上,其最大相对当量弯矩Mvmax与最小相对当量弯矩Mvmin之比应不大于2.0。如果不满足,则应修改结构设计,其主要途径是重新设计轴上传动件的受力方向以改善当量弯矩在轴上的分布或适当改变轴径等。按该方法设计的转轴,各部位材料能充分发挥潜力,避免材料浪费。该法能简捷地判断转轴结构设计的合理性,从而提高转轴的设计质量。转轴的强度计算宜以弯扭合成应力法和疲劳强度计算法为主导方法。但是为防止非危险截面尺寸过大而造成材料浪费,在轴的结构设计之后,按相对当量弯矩法对转轴进行校核计算,以判断结构设计的合理性。
This paper estimates several major existent methods in calculating the intensity of rotating shaft. To make up the shortcomings of these methods, the relative bending moment method is proposed. When most of the shafts are ladder shafts, each relative bending moment M is defined as the value of the max bending moment divided by the diameter d or average diameter d of the shaft. In ladder shafts, the value of the max relative bending moment Mvmax divided by min relative bending moment Mvmin should not be bigger than 2.0. If the condition could not be satisfied, the structure designing must be modified. The major way is to redesign the pressure direction of the shaft＇s driving medium to improve bending moment distributed in the shaft or properly change the size of axle bogie. The method used to design the rotating shaft could make materials fully exert their potentials and avoid materials wasting. This new method can judge whether rotating shaft design is reasonable and improve the design quality. It＇s better to choose crankle stress calculation way and fatigue strength calculation way to be the major ways to calculate the intensity of the rotating shaft. To avoid that the area of not dangerous section is too big to waste the material, after the design of the shaft＇s structure, the rotating shaft must be judged by the relative bending moment method to estimate the rationality of the designing.
出处
《机械》
2008年第12期13-15,共3页
Machinery
关键词
转轴
强度计算
相对当量弯矩法
rotating shaft
intensity calculation
relative bending moment method
