摘要
以变形度为成熟度主要指标，研究了葡萄浆果转熟前后的生长及与之相关的可溶性固形物积累、果实膨压、果皮弹性系数等参数的变化动态。结果表明，转熟后快速膨大期间果实竞争水分能力提高，昼间也有净增长。膨大生长的发生迟于果实变软与糖分积累。果实膨压仅在转熟初期有一个短暂的高峰，进入快速膨大后即降低，反映膨大生长并不是因为膨压增大而引起的。转熟后糖分加速积累导致渗透势的急剧下降，形成强大的吸水膨大潜力，但这一潜力的实现受制于果皮的机械性，即在果皮发生结构松弛前，压力势相应上升，以致总水势保持相对稳定；只有果皮松弛使压力势下降时，吸水膨大才得以实现。可见糖分积累和果皮松弛均导致总水势下降，促成了果实成熟后强大的吸水膨大动力的生成。
With berry deformability as a major developmental parameter, dynamic changes of berry growth, soluble solute accumulation, berry turgor and skin elasticity of grape (cv. Golden Muscat) berries were investigated at the vicinity of veraison. A daytime berry diameter increase was monitored during the post-veraison rapid expanding period, which indicated that the berries turned abruptly into stronger competitors for water against the transpiring leaves. Berry softening, reflecting the loosening of pulp cell walls,and sugar accumulation both occurred preceding berry expansion. A series of skin piercing done on berries with different deformabilities exhibited a short-term peaking of berry turgor which was represented by the sap escape from the piercing holes, during the early of post-veraison stage. Subsequently, the turgor dropped and remained low throughout the later stage. Solute accumulation created a greater capacity for the beries to uptake water and thus a greater potential to expanse. The realization of this potential,however, was determined by the skin extensibility. The loosening of berry skin thus caused immediate berry expansion by rapid influx of water. It is reasonable to suggest that solute accumulation and skin loosening both contribute to the formation of the driving force of rapid berry expansion growth on veraison. The berry turgor which rose before and dropped after skin loosening had no direct relation with berry expansion.
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第1期11-16,共6页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
葡萄
转熟
变形度
膨大生长
果实
Grape berry
Veraison
Deformability
Expansion
