摘要
作为浅水湖泊的重要特性之一,由风浪等动力作用引起的沉积物再悬浮对浮游藻类的初级生产力、群落结构具有重要意义。本研究通过生长季节(5-6月)在太湖梅梁湾湖岸的中宇宙模拟实验,比较在同样的外源负荷下浮游藻类对不同的沉积物再悬浮程度的影响特征,以及其主要的影响因子。实验在约250L的大桶中进行,通过位于沉积物-水界面的水泵的动力作用,模拟了三个不同程度沉积物再悬浮:无再悬浮即对照、弱悬浮和强悬浮程度。实验结果显示:(1)对照、弱悬浮和强悬浮之间悬浮物浓度呈显著性梯度变化,平均值分别为5、30、40 mg L-1,水下20cm光密度分别为表面光密度的80%、35%和25%。TN和TP在悬浮处理组显著高于对照组,但是弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。生物可利用的各种溶解性营养盐形式对再悬浮的响应特征不明显。(2)浮游藻类生物量和群落结构对再悬浮的响应显著。对照组的Chla在整个实验阶段都很低,强悬浮组和弱悬浮组的平均Chla分别5倍和2倍于对照组。实验初始浮游藻类群落种类多样性低,优势种群主要为隐藻(隐藻属Cryptomonas spp.和蓝隐藻Chroomonas acuta)。再悬浮处理显著促进了隐藻的生长,但弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。对照组优势种群演替为微小型种类蓝隐藻和绿藻门的纤维藻属(Ankistrodesmus sp.)。(3)以相对丰度为统计数据,浮游动物群落结构对再悬浮的响应显著,弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。对照组的枝角类大型种类溞属(Daphnia spp.)丰度显著高于再悬浮处理组,枝角类小型种类象鼻溞属(Bosmina spp.)和网纹溞属(Ceriodaphnia spp.)、轮虫丰度则呈相反趋势。可见,再悬浮促进了沉积物营养盐的释放和水下光照的衰减,还影响了浮游动物的群落结构,使其向摄食藻类能力较差的种类演替,从而在上行(bottom-up)和下行(top-down)两个方面影响了浮游藻类的现存量和群落结构。
Episodic resuspension of sediments from the lake bed by wind-induced turbulence or bioturbation is one of the common characteristics of shallow lakes. Resuspended sediment exerts many direct and indirect effects on phytoplankton, the important primary producers of pelagic ecosystems. It may decrease or increase primary productivity depending on the relative extent to which it attenuates light, desorbs or adsorbs nutrients ill, contributes algal propagules and carries algae to the bottom in clay-algal floes . Suspended sediment may have both adverse and benefical consequences for zooplankton growth and survival, and change their community structure based on feeding way, which in turn impact on their food - phytoplankton. Hence, the net effect of a resuspension event on phytoplankton community depends not only the resuspension-induced changes of the physic-chemical factors like light and nutrient （bottom-up effect）, but also on the changes of the organisms, like entrained meroplankton and zooplankton predation （top-down effect）. Few studies have addressed the relative importance of, and interaction between, these factors, influenced by resuspension, on phytoplankton.
出处
《生态科学》
CSCD
2008年第5期320-324,共5页
Ecological Science
基金
国家科技部支撑计划"应对太湖蓝藻水华的饮用水质保障应急技术研究与示范"
