摘要
采用GC,HPLC和GC/MS方法对长江(江阴段)水体有机物进行了鉴定和分析.水样(40—60L)以50—100ml/min速度通过装有XAD-7/8混合树脂的吸附柱,然后树脂置于索氏提取器内,用二氯甲烷提取.提取液用氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,分离后有机相进行浓缩,作为减中性组分进行GC/MS成分鉴定.水相用硫酸液调节pH～2,用二氯甲烷萃取,分离、浓缩后用重氮甲烷衍生,作为酸性组分进行GC/MS分析.此外还采用一些灵敏、特效,主要以气相色谱为主的方法用于特定有机物的分析.在上述工作基础上,于长江(江阴段)水体中检出有机物154种,包括挥发性卤代烃、芳烃、氯苯类、有机氯农药,酚类、邻苯二甲酸酯类及PAH等多种毒性有机物.其中37种属于美国环保局提出的优先污染物.根据质谱分析,江水中最主要的有机物是酚类和有机酸,其次为苯并噻唑和胺类.毒性较大的有机物,特别是有机氯农药,尽管种类很多,但其浓度都很低,一般在ppt—ppb之间.最后就不同季节、潮汐状况下有机物的浓度变化进行了测量和比较,对江水有机物污染进行了简单的评价.
Methods of GC,HPLC and GC/MS have been used for identification and analysis of organic compounds in Yangtze river(Jiang in section) water. In order to concentrate organics from water, 40-60L of samples were passed through an adsorption column packed with resin mixture of XAD-7/8 at a speed of 50-100 ml/min. The resin was then transfeired onto a Soxhlet extraction appaiatus and extracted with methylene chloride. The extracts were washed with solution of sodium hydroxide.After separation,organic layer containing basic and neutral compounds was concentrated and analyzed by GC/MS.The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH-2 with sulfuric acid and reextractcd with methylene chloride.The ex-tiacts were concentrated to nearly dry, derivatized with diazomcthane and as acid fraction analyzed by GC/MS. Besides, several sensitive and selective methods mainly based on GC/ECD were also used for anal sis of particular pollutants. In this manner, 154 organics including a lot of toxic substances such as volatile halocarbons,aromatics, chlorobenzenes, organochlorine pesticides,phenols,phthalate esteis and PAH were detected in Yangtze river water. Among them 37 appealed in the list of priority pollutants suggested by USEPA. According to GC,HPLC and GC/MS,phenols,fatly acids,benzothiazole and amines were the predominant organic compounds while toxic substances, especiall organochlorine pesticides, were only found in levels of ppl to ppb. On the basis of quantitative anal sis, variations of organics concentrations with ebb and flow tides, as well as ihc seasonal change,were compared,and the water pollution resullcd from organic compounds were also briefly discussed.
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第4期1-8,共8页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金 R850354
