摘要
就蛇毒蛋白质组学研究的主要方法、所取得的成就及存在的问题进行了综述.利用高通量质谱技术对蛇毒组分进行全方位研究,是近年来蛋白组学研究中的一个热点.蛇毒蛋白质组学研究包括粗毒分离、质谱分析及生物信息学鉴定三个部分.粗毒分离的主要方法包括双向电泳、凝胶过滤及反相-高效液相色谱;质谱分析的方法包括基质辅助激光解离-飞行时间质谱、液相色谱质谱联用、电喷雾离子化串联质谱和电喷雾离子化傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱;而利用MS-Fit或Mascot搜索引擎访问相应的蛋白质专门网站对质谱所获肽序进行查询则是生物信息学鉴定的主要方法.迄今,利用蛋白质组技术已经对游蛇科、眼镜蛇科、蝰科中的58个属100多种(亚种)蛇毒的毒物进行了研究,鉴定出了十多个蛋白质家族.这些结果不仅有助于增强人们对毒素进化与分化以及中毒机理的了解,并对新药设计中的先导化合物寻找具有重要意义.未来,蛇毒蛋白质组学研究在与高通量蛇毒组的绝对定量及所鉴定蛋白的功能表征有关的方法技术方面仍有待突破.
The main approaches, the recent achievements and the present problems in snake venomics research were summarized in this paper. In recent years, the elucidation of the panorama of snake venom composition by utilizing high-throughput proteomic approaches has become a hotspot at the field of proteomics research. The protocols for snake venomics studies involve fractionation of the crude venom, followed by proteomic characterization and bioinformatics analysis. Methods for crude venom separation mainly include Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis（2-DE）, Gel filtration and RP-HPLC; Proteomic characterization consists of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS）, Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）, Electron spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry （ESI-MS/MS） and Electron spray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry （ESI-FTICR MS）; Bioinformatics identification mostly involves BLAST query of peptides interpreted by utilizing Mascot or MS-Fit search engine on protein specific internet sites. Up to now, based on proteomics approaches, venomes from more than one hundred species （subspecies） of fifty-eight Genus among three families （Elapidae, Colubridae and Viperidae） have been studied and more than ten protein families have been identified. These findings will undoubtedly contribute to a deeper understanding of snake venom evolution and diversification, the mechanism of the envenomation and the design of new drugs in search of leading compounds. In the future for snake venomics research, related high-throughput approaches for absolute quantification of snake venome and characterization of identified functional proteins remain to be developed.
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期73-79,共7页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University：Natural Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30870303)
陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(SJ08C102)
关键词
蛇毒
蛋白质组学
方法
进展
snake venom
proteomics
methodology
progresss
