摘要
利用1976年、1989年、2005年三期遥感影像,运用GIS和FRAGSTATS景观分析软件对玛纳斯河流域近30 a的土地利用/覆被变化和景观破碎化进行了研究。结果表明:①玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被在过去30 a间发生了普遍的变化。耕地、建设用地不断增加,而草地、林地、水域、盐碱地不断减少。耕地主要是在草地上开垦出来的。②绿洲内部的耕地趋于集聚状态,破碎性降低,而绿洲边缘的耕地,破碎性增强。草地面积大减,破碎性增强,退化严重。沙地、水域破碎性也不断增强,林地、未利用土地的破碎化于1989年增强,2005年减缓。③驱动力分析表明,流域变化是自然和人类活动共同作用的结果,其中人口的快速增长、政策环境的变化和自然环境变化如干旱等是最主要的驱动因素。
This paper studied land use/cover change （LUCC） and landscape fragmentation in a watershed of arid zone-Manasi river watershed in last 30 years, by using GIS and FRAGSTATS with remote images in 1976, 1989, and 2005. The results showed that the universal change of land use/cover has taken place in the watershed in last 30 years. Area of cropland and residence land increased continually, while grassland, for- estland, water, saline-alkali land areas decreased. The significant spatial expansion in cropland agriculture led to rapid decrease of grassland. From 1976 to 2005, the distribution of cropland insides of Oasis was more centralized and the fragmentation became lower, but to the cropland near edge, its fragmentation increased. A large area of grassland was losing, became more fragmental and degenerate. The fragmentation of sand land and water area raised continually, in the same time, the fragmentation of forestland and bare land increased in 1989, then decreased in ~005. From analysis the driving factors, we found that rapid land use/ cover change and landscape fragmentation occurred in the watershed were the results of fragile environment and strong human activity. Furthermore, the rapid population growth and government policies, and fluctuation of environmental factors such as drought might be the dominant macro-driving factors in the watershed.
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期1050-1057,1213,共9页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
自治区发改委新疆灌区盐碱地现状调查项目(0642181)
国家科技支撑项目(2007BAC17B01)共同资助
关键词
干旱区
玛纳斯河流域
土地利用/覆被变化
景观破碎化
驱动力
arid zone
Manasi river watershed
LUCC （land use/cover change）
landscape fragmentation
driving factors
