摘要
新疆野苹果是现代栽培苹果的原始祖先,也是苹果育种中的重要材料,具有极为重要的保护价值。但近几年由于对新疆野苹果林的不合理利用和管理不善等原因,导致了新疆野苹果资源的持续减少。根据实地调查和文献资料,对新疆野苹果林的主要威胁因素及其保护和研究状况进行了评估,认为超载放牧、不合理的嫁接改造、病虫危害及过度的果实采收是造成新疆野苹果林持续衰退的主要因素。现有保护区数量少、保护范围小、保护手段单一,难以满足对野苹果资源的保护需要。据此,提出了加强保护区和保护小区建设、健全野苹果林保护体系、加强新疆野苹果种质资源的收集和异地保护、促进野苹果林群落的更新恢复和保护、加强对野苹果林演替动态及更新机制等方面的建议。
Malus sieversii （Ledeb.） Roem. , distributed mainly in the mountain area in Yily region, Xinjiang, China, has been recognized by many scholars as a major progenitor of domestic apple, and it is a very important species in distant hybridization breeding, creating new germplasm and choosing new varieties in apple breeding be- cause of its immemorial origin, abundant subspecies and eximious characters, such as its cold resistance, endur- ance of plant diseases and insect pests, and tolerance of drought. So it is very important to protect well the Malus sieversii germplasm in Xinjiang. At present, however, Malus sieversii resources are serously destroyed by the uncon- scionable exploitation, utilization and low management level. According to the filed survey and refering to the relat- ed materials, in this paper the main factors threatening the Malus sieversii forests are analyzed and summarized, and the conservation status and the current research situation are evaluated. On which some measures of conserving the Malus sieversii forests are put forward, and the problems needing to be solved urgently are analyzed. It is concluded that the main factors threatening the Malus sieversii resources in the study area are overgrazing, irrationanl alteration of grafting, plant diseases and insect pests, and overharvesting of the fruit; the current measures of protecting the Malus sieversii forests are mainly retyed on the protection of natural reserves, which are difficult to satisfy the conservation needs because of the insufficient resources and the limited protection scope.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期760-765,共6页
Arid Zone Research
基金
林业公益性行业科研专项“新疆天山西部主要珍稀濒危树种多样性保育研究”(200704016)资助
关键词
新疆野苹果
种质资源
保护对策
新疆
Malus sieversii
germplasm resources
conservation contermeasures
Xinjiang
