摘要
在防雨池栽条件下，研究了施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，在相同土壤含水量下，小麦旗叶SPAD值、光合速率、Fv／Fo和Fv／Fm均表现为随着施氮量的增加而升高；增加施氮量有利于提高穗数，但过多（300kg／hm^2）或过少（150kg/hm^2）施氮均不利于穗粒数和干粒重的提高，而导致减产。在相同施氮量下，均表现为花后土壤含水量60％～70％处理的旗叶SPAD值、光合速率、Fv／Fo和Fv／Fm最高，40％～50％处理最低，80％～90％处理居中，花后土壤含水量过高（80％～90％）或过低（40％-50％）导致穗粒数减少，千粒重降低，最终使产量降低。表明花后土壤含水量过高或过低均影响小麦旗叶的光合特性降低，而适当增施氮肥可以改善旗叶的光合特性，增加粒重，提高产量。
In this present investigation, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and post-anthesis soil water content （SWC） on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat was tested under proof-rainfall pool culture condition. The results showed that soil and plant analyzer development （SPAD） value, photosynthesis rate, PS Ⅱ potential activity （Fv/Fo） and PS Ⅱ photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） were increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC. Moreover, increased nitrogen fertilization benefited the increase of spike numbers per hectare. However, over high （300kg/ hm^2） or over shortage （150kg/hm^2） nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight （TGW） , and in turn it could lead to yield decrease. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate with SWC （60%-70% ） after anthesis, SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm showed the highest, whereas the treatment of SWC （40%-50%） was the lowest and the treatment of SWC （80%-90%） was in the middle, meanwhile,over high SWC （80%-90% ） or over low SWC （40%-50% ） after anthesis could cause the decrease of kernel number per spike, TGW and final yield under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate. It can be concluded that both high and low SWCs after anthesis can cause a decline in photosynthetic characteristics in wheat flag leaves, whereas proper nitrogen fertilization can improve photosynthetic characteristics in flag leaves, increase kernel weight and promote yield in wheat
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第10期4896-4901,共6页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471026)
青岛农业大学博士启动基金资助项目(630523)
国家粮食科技丰产工程资助项目(2006BAD02A00)~~
关键词
小麦
施氮量
土壤含水量
光合特性
产量
wheat （ Triticum aestivum L. ）
nitrogen fertilizer rate
soil water content
photosynthetic characteristics
yield
