摘要
羕（亦作“yang”或“漾”，简写作“养”）是文献失载的一个周代古国，传世铜器中有较多的反映，20世纪六七十年代，在河南桐柏、泌阳等地又有一些新的考古发现，然由于缺乏确切的文献证据，加之当时对“羕”字的释读未能明晰，以致有关羕国的铜器和历史一直没有被学术界所认识。
Concerning the character '■' in bronze inscriptions,most of the researchers since the late Qing Dynasty have deciphered it to be 'Chang 昶.' But as a further study shows,it must be another shape of'Yong 永' and should be explained as the character'Yang ■,' namely the'Yang 养'occurring in historical documents.The so-called'Chang'vessels handed down from antiquity and often seen in later times are actually bronzes of the ancient Yang State.According to their inscriptions,the Yang clan went by the surname of Ying and was a branch of the descendants of the East Yi 东夷 ethnic group. The Yang State bronzes known so far cover chronologically the time from the turn of Western Zhou to Eastern Zhou down to the earlier late Spring-and-Autumn period.This indicates that the State of Yang had been in existence by the turn between the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou,and was related to the Huai Yi's (淮夷) expansion towards the upper Huaihe River valley,as well as to the Zhou King Xuanwang's re-regulation of his South Land in the late Western Zhou.We have not found Yang bronzes among the archaeological data later than the earlier late Spring-and-Autumn period,which confirms the record in the Zuozhuan 《左传》that the Chu people conquered the Yang clan in the 14th year of Lu State Duke Zhaogong's reign (528 BC). From their combination,shape,decoration and inscription style we learn that Yang bronzes of the early Spring-and-Autumn period demonstrate many characteristics of the Zhou culture,which must have resulted from the latter's rather strong influence,but from the mid Spring-and-Autumn period on,they showed more and more character of the Chu culture. This process reflects the basic track of the Yang State's historical and cultural development and the evolutionary tendency of the political pattern in the South Land during the Spring- and-Autumn period. Archaeological data suggest that the Yang State must have been in the present-day Tongbai and Miyang area within the upper Huaihe River valley,with the center close to Yuehe.This has been forcefully confirmed by the discovery of the tombs of Yang Boyong and Yang Boshou.It should be noticed that both the previous theory of locating the Yang State at ancient Yang Town near present-day Jieshou in Anhui and that of believing it to have been at Yangyinli northwest of Baofeng in Henan do not correspond to archaeological evidence.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第4期441-460,共20页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“楚国都城与疆域演变研究”(批准号:05JJDZH244)的阶段性成果
