摘要
尽管司马迁下狱前后这段历史人们只能看到司马迁的自叙,全然不见那些在廷议中声讨李陵投降匈奴的群臣言论以及汉武帝的话语,但由此还是可以感觉到,司马迁在延议中犯了一个策略上的错误,即把自己置于明哲保身官僚的对立面、并批评汉武帝决策不当从而遭群起攻之,最终陷于孤立元援。在汉人的政法话语中,"诬罔"或"诬上"可以包含和指称许多相当不同的内容和行为。对司马迁的处置程序是:汉武帝定罪,大臣附议,法吏量刑。最终量刑的结果肯定有汉武帝施加的因素,但具体到腐刑却并非出自汉武帝示意,而是狱吏所为。在司马迁一案上,汉武帝除了刚愎自用外,唯一可以被指责的是他没有法外施恩。腐刑具有某种皇恩性质,并非完全基于"自由意志"。汉武帝时代是中国帝制社会第一个奢侈豪华的时代,司马迁虽算不上是"家贫",但以其当时的财力也确实出不起这笔买命钱。汉时的中书令颇类似于先秦内史,司马迁受刑后不久由太史令转任中书令便是由记事系列转入政务系列,这实际上属于史官分化的一种新形式。
Although people could only read Sima Qian＇s self-narration for the story of Sima around his imprisonment instead of the words by those court officials and even by the Emperor Han Wu Di, it still could be sensed that Sima made a mistake in court consultation when he stood against the bureaucrats who kept themselves in self-protection and criticized the emperor＇s wrong decision-making, resulting in the attacking by all the other officials, and finally beset himself in isolation. The final penalty must have the emperor＇s press, but the concrete penalty was not the emperor＇s will but the prison officer＇s. Shortly after his penalty, Sima＇s position was transferred from the chronicle official to administration secretary, and it belongs to a new form of the division of chronicle officials.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第10期121-127,共7页
Academic Monthly
关键词
司马迁案
家产
史官
the case of Sima Qian, family property, chronicle official
