摘要
通过在科尔沁沙地西部乌兰敖都、白音塔拉盐碱地采取不同整地造林技术对土壤改良作用的研究结果表明：应用开沟造林、筑台地造林和穿透碱格深穴造林技术对沙地盐渍化土壤具有明显的改良效果。开沟造林３年后，被翻到沟两侧的土壤（０～１０ｃｍ）总盐量从造林前的０．１０３％降至０．０３２％，沟内土壤总盐量积累缓慢，土壤腐殖质含量增加一倍以上，Ｎ、Ｐ含量可分别增加６２．８％和３３．３％，土壤水分垂直分布呈递增趋势。在地下水位高、土壤盐渍化程度较重的沙地采取筑台地造林技术，造林五年后土壤（２０～４０ｃｍ）总盐量从０．１６８％降至０．０６２％，ｐＨ值从１０．３降至７．２，可溶性盐中Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋和Ｎａ＋的毫克当量数比值由１１０降至１１，造林成活率可提高２０％～２５％。穿透碱格深穴整地造林对沙地盐渍化土壤也具有较明显的改良作用。
The experiments of soil amelioration by planting trees in saline and alkine soil by different methods in Wulanaodu and Baiyintala areas,western Keerqin Sandy Land have been carried out.The results show that:silviculture techniques of planting trees in ditches,deep planting in sandy land and planting trees on man made banks in saline soil have better effects in soil amelioration.Three years after planting trees,total amount of salt of surface soil (0￣10 cm) decreased from 0.103% to 0.032%,the content of soil humus in ditches was doubled.The content of N and P increased by 62.8%,33.3% respectively;the vertical distribution of soil water had an increasing trend.The method of planting trees on man made banks had been taken in the areas where under ground water position is high soil salinization is very serious.Five years later,the total amount of salt of soil (20￣40 cm) deceased from 0.618% to 0.062%;the pH value of soil decreased from 10.3 to 7.2;the soluble Ca 2+ ,Mg 2+ and Na + decreased from 1∶10 to 1∶1,and the nutrient and water condition were improved.The survival rate can increase by 25%.
关键词
盐碱土
造林
土壤改良
科尔沁沙地
saline and alkline soil
planting trees
soil amelioration
