摘要
目的探讨正阳县麻疹爆发危险因素,为控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学、病例对照研究分析危险因素。结果2006年12月-2007年3月,正阳县共报告麻疹357例,发病率达47.2/10万,全县均有病例分布,51.3%的病例〈3岁。对71例麻疹和91例对照进行麻疹发病危险因素的病例对照研究。麻疹减毒活疫苗（Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine,MV）接种率的比值比（OR）=0.3,95%,可信区间（CI）=0.1-0.8;发病前1-2周医院暴露史的OR=22.7,95%CI=6.1-99.5;与麻疹病人密切接触史的OR=40.4,95%CI=5.5-829.1。为避免MV接种的影响,将〈8月龄的儿童单独进行分析,结果显示,仅医院暴露史有显著统计学意义,OR=15.1,95%CI=1.4-377.2。结论除较低的MV接种率外,发病前1-2周的医院暴露是本次疫情爆发的主要危险因素,必须重视医院内感染在控制麻疹爆发中的作用。
Objective To find out risk factors and provide the strategies for measles control in Zhengyang county.Methods Descriptive epidemiology and a case-study was conducted to reveal the risk factors of measles outbreak. Results From Dec,2006 to Mar,2007,357 measles cases were reported,the incidence rate was 47.2/100,000.The cases were distributed in whole county.51.3% cases were less than 3 years old.71 measles cases and 91 controls were selected into case-control study.The MV immunization coverage rate was 46.5% in case group which was lower than 67.0% in control group（OR=0.3,95%CI=0.1-0.8）.The hospital exposure was 43.7% in cases group and 3.3% in controls group who had ever visited hospital during one or two weeks before infected with measles（OR=22.7,95%CI=6.1-99.5）.Contact with measles patients was 31.0% in case group and 1.1% in control group（OR=40.4,95%CI=5.5-829.1）.To avoid the affection of MV immunization,the children of younger than 8 months old were selected to conduct further analysis.Hospital exposure was the only significant factor（OR=15.1,95%CI=1.4-377.1）in 17 cases and 18 controls.Conclusion Hospital exposure 1-2 weeks before infected with measles was the main cause of the measles outbreak except low MV immunization rate.Pay more attention to hospital infection especially in measles outbreak control is important and necessary.
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
CAS
2008年第5期398-402,共5页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
麻疹爆发
医院内感染
病例对照研究
Measles outbreak
Hospital exposure
Case-control study
