摘要
精巧的构造使得天然生物材料具有了适应环境的生物系统和生存本领。研究表明,众多天然生物复合材料中的增强相在基体组织中呈梯度分布,符合以最少材料、最简单结构发挥最大效能的原理。对自然界中几种天然材料,如骨、牙齿、贝壳、树木和竹子等的梯度结构及其优异性能进行了分析,并对现阶段所进行的一些相应的仿生研究进行了简要介绍,同时,对仿生梯度材料的发展提出了自己的建议。
Natural functionally composite materials have super acclimatization and extraordinary properties after a long period evolution. The gradient structure widely exists in them. In recent years, the structures and properties of natural functionally gradient materials have been researched in order to develop biomimetic structure or biomimetic materials. Results indicate that the natural functionally gradient materials have the property of the strongest component enduring the most stress, which make the best use of everything. In this paper, the gradient structure and its excellent performance of several kinds of natural materials, such as bone, tooth, shell, tree and bamboo, are introduced. The relevant biomimetic studies are reviewed and the further investigation suggestions are proposed.
基金
北京市教委中青年骨干教师培养计划资助项目
关键词
天然材料
梯度功能
仿生
natural material, gradient function, biomimetics
