摘要
水文循环的变化趋势分析是水文循环研究的重要内容。武威盆地的水分循环与转化直接影响全流域的水资源配置和利用，特别对下游民勤盆地的生态恢复至关重要。根据武威盆地1956年～2000年降水、径流系列资料和农田灌溉用水资料，基于水量平衡原理对盆地水循环要素进行分解，用Mann—Kendall秩次相关法检验分析了9个主要的水循环要素的变化趋势。结果表明：武威盆地1956年～2000年降水量和年总蒸散量没有明显增加；地表径流量、地下径流量、盆地入流量、盆地出流量、盆地净入流量和土壤水分净通量均有明显的减少趋势；盆地内年土壤水分通量则变化趋势不明显。人类活动强化了盆地内水分循环，并没有使武威盆地水资源消耗量明显增加；农业灌溉不仅袭夺了盆地内地下水的蒸发，同时减少了地下水对河水的补给；红崖山水库入库流量的持续减少，主要是上游出山口径流的减少和东大河外调水量的增加所致。研究结果可为缓解流域水资源紧缺、制定科学的治理规划提供依据。
Analysis of changes in hydrologic cycle components is of great importance for research on hydrologic cycles. The hydrologic cycle and water transformation in the Wuwei Basin plays a very important role in water resource allocation and utilization in the entire Shiyang River Basin, and especially the ecological restoration of Mingqin Basin. In this study, the nine hydrological components are calculated from data on precipitation and natural runoff and a data set on farmland irrigation water based on the principle of water balance, and then the trends of these hydrologic cycle components were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall trend test. The results show that from 1956 to 2000, there was no significant trend in precipitation （P）, evapo-transpiration （EPT）, and flux of soil water （FSW）, while surface runoff （SR）, runoff of groundwater （RG）, inflow of basin （IF）, outflow of basin （OF）, net inflow of basin （NIF） and net flux of soil water （NFSW） exhibited significant declines. This suggests that the hydrologic cycle has been strengthened by human activity, but consumption of water resources has not increased in the basin since 1956. Considering the changes in groundwater table and irrigation water consumption per hectare in Wuwei Basin in recent years, it can be concluded that farmland irrigation utilizing water extracted from aquifers, which decreases the evaporation and drainage of groundwater by drawing down the groundwater table, is not the most important reason for water shortages in the Wuwei Basin. Reduction of inflow to Hongyashan Reservoir and Mingqin Basin is due to decreased runoff from Qilian Mountain and water delivery from Dongda River to Jingchuang River. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the basin＇s hydrologic cycle and recognize the effects of human activity and climatic change on water resources and the natural environment in future research. On this basis, comprehensive management should be carried out effectively in the Shiyang River Basin in order to optimize allocation of water resources and safeguard sustainable socio-economic development, and simultaneously promote restoration and reconstruction of the regional ecological environment. The solution to ecological deterioration in Mingqin Basin should consider the transfer of water transfer from an outside basin.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第10期1463-1470,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目:“荒漠绿洲水文-生态过程耦合试验研究”(编号:40671010)
