摘要
目的总结麻疹控制项目实施经验和不足,为以后项目实施提供指导。方法对贵州省黎平县2000-2007年的麻疹发病情况、疫情暴发情况、病例年龄结构、疫苗接种和对入学入托儿童查证补种情况进行统计分析。结果自2003年8月开展麻疹控制项目,尤其是2004年11月麻疹疫苗补充免疫后,黎平县的麻疹发病人数和发病率大幅度下降,其发病率从2002年的26.68/10万、2003年的3.52/10万下降到2007年的0.20/10万;自2005年后无麻疹暴发疫情;麻疹疫苗第1针(初种)接种率自项目实施后的2003年至2007年,均达到98%以上;麻疹疫苗第2针(复种)接种率从项目实施前2000年的58.61%,2001年的80.56%,提高到项目实施后2003年的95.29%,2006年的99.00%,2007年98.89%。结论增加1次(高1剂次)麻疹疫苗接种能有效降低麻疹发病率;对入学入托儿童开展免疫规划查证补种工作,是控制免疫规划疫苗针对疾病的最后一道关卡;每4年对8月龄至4岁儿童进行一次麻疹疫苗强化免疫,以巩固麻疹疫苗补充免疫所取得的成果,保持麻疹低发病率水平。
Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the measles control project and provide guidance for similar projects in future. Methods A statistical analysis was made on the data of the incidence of measles, outbreaks of measles epidemic, age distribution of measles patients and revaceination for children with expired immunization records when admitted to primary schools or kindergartens in Liping county between 2000 and 2007. Results Since the measles control projects, particularly the supplementary measles vaccination project in Nov 2004, were launched, Liping County had seen dramatic decrease in the number of measles patients and in the incidence rate. The incidence rate dropped from 26.68/lakh in 2002 and 3.52/lakh in 2003 to 0.20/lakh in 2007. No measles epidemic occurred since 2005. The first measles vaccine inoculation rates from 2003 to 2007, all reached 98%. The second measles vaccine inoculation rates were ascending from 58.61% in 2000 and 80.56% in 2001 to 95.29% in 2005, 99.00% in 2006 and 98.89% in 2007. Conclusion A supplementary measles vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of measles. Revaccination for children with expired immunization records at their admission to primary＇ schools or kindergartens is critical for the expanded program on immunization, and therefore it should be guaranteed. Supplementary measles vaccination should be provided for children between 8 months and 4 years of age every four years to consolidate the immunization effects and to maintain a low incidence rate of measles.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2008年第8期501-503,共3页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
麻疹项目
实施效果
评价
measles control project
performance
evaluation
