摘要
抗日战争时期,日本为确保其军需民用资源,供应其本国、伪满及在华纺织业所需原料,特别重视华北的棉花生产与运销,大力推行植棉政策。不仅设立了专门的棉产指导奖励机构——华北棉产改进会,采取种种措施,力图增加棉花生产,而且注意调整棉花政策,以吸引农民种棉。但是,日军的入侵,日伪的暴政,严重破坏了华北农村的农业生产力;日商控制棉花市场,压低棉价,使农民种棉无利可图,纷纷弃棉种粮。因此,华北沦陷区的棉花生产锐减,远没恢复到七七事变前的水平。由于日伪对棉花实施输出许可制,由日军控制下的华北棉花协会统制华北棉花的流通,使七七事变前建立起来的棉花市场流通体系遭受严重破坏:天津和济南等终点市场失去多省份棉花来源,棉花交易中心的地位几乎丧失;上市棉花运输手段的变化,使得除山西省外的华北沦陷区出现了一些新的棉花集散中心;许多中国棉花商沦为日本洋行的附庸,一些经济机能丧失,而纷纷破产。棉花的商品化受到严重阻碍,华北农村经济濒临破产。
During China's Anti-Japan War,Japan had managed to promote its policies for cotton planting,especially for the production and circulation of cotton in North China so as to ensure its military and civil supplies for the textile industries both at home and in Northeast China under the puppet regime of Manchuria.To get to this goal,Japan not only established the Association of Cotton Production Promotion,a rewarding institute to guide the cotton production,but also made other efforts to increase the cotton production such as adjusting its policy to attract local farmers.However,Japan's invasion along with its tyrannical policies in collaboration with the puppet regime seriously damaged the rural productive forces in North China including the cotton planting areas.Also,Japanese merchants controlled the cotton markets and brought down the cotton price that left the farmers no benefit.As a result,farmers had to give up their cotton planting and take up grain planting.All above factors led to a severe reduction in the cotton production in the occupied zones in North China which could not even be restored to the level before the Marco Polo Bridge incident.Furthermore,as Japan and the puppet regime implemented the import and export permit system,the Association of Cotton in North China under Japanese army controlled the circulation of cotton and grievously undermined the cotton market system established before the incident.As a result,terminal markets like those in Tianjin and Jinan had to lose lots of cotton sources from other provinces as well as their former position as the cotton trading centers.Thus the cotton transport pattern had to be changed and some new cotton collecting and dispersing centers emerged in the occupied areas except Shanxi in North China.Therefore,many Chinese cotton merchants had to subject themselves to Japanese trading companies.Some of them lost their economic function and went into bankruptcy.All of these had greatly hindered the process of North China's cotton commoditization,reduced its rural economy to the edge of bankruptcy and brought the farmers one disaster after the other.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第5期61-71,共11页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
