摘要
美国司法审查制度是指法院尤其是联邦最高法院有权对国会立法、州立法以及各州法院进行审查,判断其是否与宪法条文相抵触。它是在英国习惯法司法理念的熏陶下,在北美早期司法实践的基础上逐步发展而成的。尽管在宪法中没有明文规定最高法院拥有司法审查的权力,但从殖民地时期起,相继有判例表明最高法院对这一权力的实施,可以说,它的建立来源于实践而非理论。
The judicial review system in tee United States means that the Courts, especially the Supreme Court, have the authority to examine whether the federal or state legislation or Constitution of each state is in accordance with the Federal Constitution. Its foundation is influenced by the English Common Law, and evolves on the basis of Northern American Colonial judicial practice. Although it is not explicitly stated in the federal constitution, there are some precedents in the states that judiciary has claimed acts unconstitutional and void. It indicates that judicial review originates from judicial practice not judicial logic. American judicial review includes horizontal review and vertical review. ＂Marbury v. Madison＂ signs the establishment of horizontal review in 1803; ＂Martin v. Hunter＇s Lessee＂ signs the estab lishment of vertical review in 1816.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第9期55-62,共8页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
美国
司法审查
联邦宪法
马伯里诉麦迪逊案
马丁诉亨特的租户案
The United States of America
judicial review
Constitution
lVlarbury v. Madison
Martin v. Hunter＇s Lessee
