摘要
【目的】研究不同作物长期连作或轮作对旱地土壤水分和不同形态有机氮及矿质氮含量的影响,以确定旱地作物配置、提高土壤肥力、优化养分管理。【方法】利用黄土高原中部旱地23年的长期定位试验,研究了休闲、小麦连作、玉米连作、苜蓿连作、豌豆-小麦-小麦-糜子及玉米-小麦-小麦-糜子轮作6种作物种植体系,对土壤水分、有机氮、轻质有机氮和矿质氮含量的影响。【结果】长期休闲土壤有机氮、轻质有机氮和矿质氮含量最低;苜蓿连作能较好地保蓄浅层水分,有利于提高土壤有机氮和轻质有机氮含量,特别是0～20cm的表层土壤,但较深土层的水分和矿质态氮消耗增加;玉米或小麦连作均可显著提高土壤的有机氮和轻质有机氮含量,但长期小麦连作增加土壤轻质有机氮含量的作用更为明显;两种轮作土壤的有机氮含量与小麦连作无显著差别,而两种轮作土壤0～20cm表层土壤的轻质有机氮含量却既高于玉米连作土壤,也高于小麦连作土壤;土壤矿质氮含量高低与采样时是否有作物生长或施肥有关。【结论】长期免耕种植豆科作物虽能通过增加土壤轻质有机氮来提高有机氮累积,但增加下层土壤的水分消耗;豆科作物与禾谷类作物轮作,或深浅根作物轮作,是优化土壤水分利用,增加土壤有机氮累积和协调土壤氮素供应的重要措施。
[Objective] Research on effects of monocropping or rotation of different crops on water and different forms of soil organic nitrogen （N） and mineral N in dryland soils is recognized to be of great significance in determining dryland crop sequences, increasing soil fertility, and optimizing nutrients management. [Method] Dryland soil samples were taken from 6 cropping systems： fallowing, continuous wheat monocropping, continuous maize monocropping, continuous alfalfa cropping with no-till, pea-wheat-wheat-millet rotation and maize-wheat-wheat-millet rotation, from a 23-year long-term experimental site on the Loess Plateau, to study the effects of cropping systems on soil water, organic N, light fraction organic N and mineral N. [Result] Results obtained showed that continuous long-term fallowing system contained the lowest organic N, light fraction organic N and mineral N. Long-period alfalfa cropping with no-till system could promote water storage in topsoil layers, and accumulation of organic and light fraction organic N in 0-20 cm soil layers, but increased exhaustion of water and mineral N in deep soil layers. Continuous monocropping of wheat or maize could all significantly increase soil organic and light fraction organic N contents, and the organic N were increased more by monocropping of wheat. Organic N contents in soil layers of two rotation systems showed no obvious different to monocropping of wheat. Light fraction organic N contents also were not obvious different between two rotations in 0-20 cm soil layers, but they were all significantly hi^her than wheat or maize monocropping. The amount of soil mineral N was found to depend on the status of crop growing or N fertilizer application at sampling time. [Conclusion]Although long term monocropping of legumes without tillage can enhance organic N accumulation by increase the light fraction organic N in soil, the exhaustion of soil water in deep layers is also increased. Rotations of legumes with cereal crops or the shallow and deep root crop rotations are proved to be feasible measures to optimize soil water utilization, increase organic N accumulation in soil, and synergize soil N supply capacity.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第9期2686-2692,共7页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40671107和30370843)
中国科学院知识创新方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-424-3,KSCX1-YW-15-04)
国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD05B07)
教育部科技创新团队和新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-05-0852)
关键词
轮作
连作
有机氮
矿质氮
轻质有机氮
Rotation
Continuous cropping
Organic N
Mineral N
Light fraction organic N
