摘要
采用文献资料与实证相结合的综合分析方法，研究了澜沧江-湄公河流域鱼类资源及生态状况。结果表明：目前全流域拥有鱼类接近2000种，年天然捕捞量达160万～180万t，且大多数经济鱼类属跨界洄游种群。但近年由于过度捕捞和大型水电工程等造成水文情势变化、栖息地破坏和洄游通道堵塞，导致流域鱼类生物多样性降低和渔业产量下降。为保证流域鱼类资源的可持续利用，笔者认为流域六国应在区域层面上构建鱼类资源联合管理和养护机制，提出相应策略即：建立区域性流域联合管理机构，协调国家间的水资源开发行为、平衡各国利益；考虑水资源利用的其他目标，在整个区域层面上统筹流域电站建设规划并建立水库联合生态调度制度，保证各个功能协调发展；制定区域性跨境鱼类资源保护及濒危物种救助行动计划等。
The present fish resources and their existing status in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin were studied by comprehensive analysis of document data and demonstration. The result shows that there are about 2 000 fish species in the whole basin and majority of them belong to trans-boundary migratory populations, and the annual fishing catch is about 160 - 180 million tons. However, in recent years, due to over-fishing as well as the change of the hydrologic situation, habitat destruction and migratory passage blockage caused by large hydropower project construction, which result in the drop of fish biodiversity and fishery production. In order to sustainable utilization of wild freshwater fish resources, the author thinks that the mechanism of joint management and conservation of fish resources on the regional level should be constructed by six countries in the basin, and puts forward corresponding strategies： establishing a joint management organization for the river basin so as to coordinate the development of water resource and to balance interests among countries in the basin; taking other objectives of water resource utilization into consideration so as to orchestrate building plan for hydropower station at regional level and establish joint ecological operation system among reservoirs, and to ensure coordinated development among every function in sustainable manner; enacting regional action plan for onservation of trans-boundary migratory fishes and rescue of endangered species.
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第5期55-62,共8页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
上海市重点学科渔业经济与管理资助项目(T1103)
关键词
国际河流
澜沧江-湄公河
跨境洄游鱼类
区域合作管理与养护
可持续利用
international river
Lancang-Mekong River
trans-boundary migratory fishes
regional management and conservation
sustainable utilization
