摘要
目的分析湖南省近20年间狂犬病流行特征,为防治狂犬病提供科学依据。方法收集1988～2007年法定疫情报告数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果20年来湖南省狂犬病共报告病例4401例,发病率为0.35/10万,发病经历了下降期、上升期、波动期。全省14个市(州)均有病例报告,但病例数多集中在湘南与湘中地区,永州、郴州、邵阳、衡阳、怀化五个市发病人数共2378例(占全省54.03%)。发病数以7～10月为多,2～4月较少;农民占的比例最大(61.21%),其次是学生(18.95%);以5～9岁年龄组病例数最多,男女性别比为2.24∶1。结论湖南省狂犬发病经过了1988～1996年下降期后,近年来又呈现上升的趋势,严重威胁着人民的生命和健康。养犬数增加,犬的免疫接种率低,疫苗质量及管理把关不严,伤后处理不及时、不规范,各部门之间缺乏协作等是狂犬病发病的原因,因此采取综合防制措施,使人间狂犬病发病率进一步下降。
Objective To analyze human rabies epidemic situation from 1988 to 2007 in Hunan province,in order to provide scientific evidence for preventing and controlling rabies in the future. Methods Collecting and analyzing data of rabies epidemics from 1996 to 2006 with descriptive epidemiological methods in hunan province. Results The reported cases were 4401 from 1988 to 2007. The incidence rate was 0.35/100000. During the past 20 years,which were divided into three parts（ declining period, increasing period and fluctuating period）. 14 prefectures had reported the human rabies cases,in the whole province, and the cases centralized the south and the central of Hunan province. A total of 2378 cases（54.03% ） of rabies have been reported by the five prefectures such as Yongzhou, Chenzhou, Shaoyang, Hengyang, Huaihua. The number of cases was most in July to October,less in February to April. Peasants accounted for the largest proportion （61.21%）,followed by students （18.95%）. Aged 5 to 9 were the most number of cases,and the ratio of male to female was 2.24 ： 1. Conclusion The incidence rate had risen in recent years after a period of decline from 1988 to 1996,in Hunan Province,which was a serious threat to people＇s lives and health. Such factors as the increasing numbers of dogs, low inoculation rate to dogs, poor control on the quality of rabies vaccine, mistreatment to the wounds,and lacking good cooperation betwwen different offical department regarding rabies control might serve as important factors responsible for the recurrence of rabies. Therefore we must work out a series of integrated prevention and control measures so as to futher reduce the incidence rate of human rabies in hunan province.
出处
《中国现代医生》
2008年第25期16-19,22,共5页
China Modern Doctor
关键词
狂犬病
流行病学
预防与控制
Rabies
Epidemiology
Prevention and control
