摘要
脑缺血性疾病致死、致残率高,可供选择的治疗方法少,效果欠佳。神经细胞替代治疗能够重建神经传导环路,恢复部分神经功能,机制可能在于:移植到宿主体内的干细胞能够分化成为功能性的神经胶质细胞、神经元,替代已死亡的神经元的部分功能;激活内源性神经干细胞;分泌细胞因子,改善缺血坏死区的局部微环境如炎症、组织坏死及神经胶质瘢痕等。动物实验研究中治疗脑缺血的干细胞来源主要有人胚胎干细胞、人脐带血细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、脂肪间充质细胞等。目前细胞替代疗法尚处于研究的初级阶段,具体的机制仍不十分明确,关键问题在于两方面:移植细胞在缺血的环境下如何存活?移植细胞如何替代、挽救已损失的各种类型的神经细胞?
Cerebral ischemia represents one of the leading causes of death and disability in modem time, but only few options exist for the treatment of ischemia-related disease. Neural cell replacement can reconstruct the nerve conduction circuit unit and lead to functional recovery partly in patients. The mechanism lies in： the stem cells transplanted into the lesion can differentiate into functional glial cells or neurons, and they can substitute the functions of dead neurons; to activate the endogenous neural stem cells; to excrete cytokines and improve the local environments, such as inflammatory reactions, tissue necrosis and glial scar formation. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood, embryonic stem cells and adipose mesenchymal cells have been used for stem cells transplantation in treatment of cerebral ischemia in animal models. So far, the underlying mechanisms of the cell replacement therapy for stroke lesions have remained unknown, and this therapy faces predominantly two major problems： one is how cell grafts survive in an ischemic environment; the other is how cell grafts substitute or rescue neural cells with many different phenotypes.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第34期6714-6718,共5页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
