摘要
在腓力二世和亚历山大时代,马其顿帝国主义构成了希腊认同①建构环境中一个起着重要作用的因素。它使希腊人大体分成了亲马其顿派和反马其顿派。反马其顿派否认马其顿王室所宣称的希腊身份,亲马其顿派则捍卫之。马其顿王室具有希腊和马其顿双重族群认同。希腊人和马其顿人普遍认为彼此是不同的族群。只有反马其顿派才将马其顿人明确地称为"蛮族人",希腊人和马其顿人通常都宁愿采取"希腊人-马其顿人-蛮族人"三分法。希腊认同与马其顿认同是可以被调和来共同面对"蛮族人"的,而且希腊认同经常被强调。但马其顿认同对于马其顿王室和民众都具有更实际的意义。双重认同使马其顿国王既可以利用马其顿认同去对抗希腊人,也可以利用希腊认同来抑制马其顿人。在马其顿帝国主义的环境中,希腊认同表现出了灵活性、可变性和可穿透性,其建构是被来自多方面的多种话语操纵着的。
In the age of Philip II and Alexander the Great,the construction of Greek identity was complicated.Macedonian imperialism constituted an important factor in the circumstances where Greek identity was constructed.It largely reduced the Greeks to the anti-Macedonians and the pro-Macedonians.Anti-Macedonian Greeks denied the self-claimed Greek identity of the Macedonian royal family,while pro-Macedonian Greeks defended it.The Macedonian royal family,identifying themselves Greeks and Macedonians,possessed a dual ethnicity.Both the Greeks and the Macedonians thought that they were different ethnic groups.Only anti-Macedonians definitely referred to the Macedonians as barbarians.In practice both the Greeks and the Macedonians would rather employ the Greek-Macedonian-barbarian trichotomy.Greek identity and Macedonian identity could be combined against the barbarians,and the former identity was often emphasized.But Macedonian identity had a more substantial significance whether for the Macedonian population or for the Macedonian royal family.Their dual ethnicity facilitated the Macedonian kings both to express Macedonian identity against the Greeks and to curb the Macedonians by means of Greek identity.In the Macedonian imperialistic circumstances,Greek identity displayed flexibility,mutability,and permeability.Its construction was manipulated by diverse discourses on behalf of different parties.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第4期24-34,共11页
World History
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(07CSS001)“希腊人与蛮族人”阶段性研究成果
