摘要
用溴甲烷、氰、溴甲烷与二氧化碳混剂、溴甲烷与环氧乙烷混剂以及溴甲烷与氰混剂在室内不同条件下对小麦矮腥黑穗病菌(Tilletia controversaKühn,TCK)进行了熏蒸灭菌效果的比较。结果表明:1)溴甲烷对TCK的灭菌效果随温度的升高、处理时间的延长而提高;间隔48 h的2次120 h的熏蒸处理,能显著降低溴甲烷的杀菌临界浓度值;2)溴甲烷与环氧乙烷混剂能完全杀灭TCK病菌,且能显著降低溴甲烷和环氧乙烷的杀菌临界浓度,其混合作用的熏蒸效果较溴甲烷与二氧化碳、氰混合剂好;3)在20℃,50%小麦装载量条件下,180 g.m-3溴甲烷处理120 h或90 g.m-3溴甲烷2次处理各120 h,均可以达到100%的杀灭效果;4)溴甲烷及其混剂对小麦光腥黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发率的影响可作为对TCK冬孢子萌发影响的指示;5)将溴甲烷处理小麦与国产未处理小麦以1∶2比例混配时,小麦中总溴含量可以降低到50 mg.kg-1水平以下,符合美国小麦卫生标准。
Fumigation tests with methyl bromide （MB） and its mixtures, such as mixed with carbon dioxide （CO2 ）, ethylene oxide （EO） , cyanogen （ C2N2 ）, on the sterilization of wheat dwarf bunt （ Tilletia controversa Ktihn, TCK） were conducted under different conditons. The results indicated that ： 1 ） The fumigation effects of MB increased with the rising of temperature and exposure time, and the concentration threshold of 100% sterilized effect of MB would significantly reduce when the TCK was treated 2 times of 120 hours exposure time, with an interval of 48 hours. 2） The mixture of MB and EO could prevent teliospores of TCK from germinating, while the mixture would significantly decrease the use dosage of both MB and EO. The fumigation effect of the mixture of MB and EO was better than that of the mixture of MB and CO2, or C2N2. 3） At 20 ℃ and 50% wheat loading conditions, MB with the concentration of 180 g · m^-3 and 120 hours exposure time or 90 g · m^-3 of two times of 120 hours with an interval of 48 hours, could completely kill TCK. 4） The fumigation effect of MB and its mixtures on the germination of Tilletiafoetida would be used as indicator for the effect on TCK. 5） When dealing with domestic wheat and tested wheat mixture at 2：1 ratios, total bromine content would be reduced to a level below 50 mg · kg^-1, which would meet the requirements of health standards of wheat of USA.
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期71-76,共6页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
质检公益性行业科研专项(2007GYJ021)
关键词
小麦矮腥黑穗病菌
熏蒸
溴甲烷
二氧化碳
环氧乙烷
氰
Tilletia controversa Kuhn （TCK）
fumigation
methyl bromide
carbon dioxide
ethylene oxide
cyanogens
