摘要
【目的】了解下辽河平原地区施肥与水分条件对玉米地土壤中氮、磷、钾养分收支以及氮肥利用效率的影响。【方法】利用持续16年的长期田间试验结果结合气象观测资料,对不同水肥条件下玉米农田养分收支与氮肥利用效率进行研究。【结果】施肥条件差异可使玉米移出农田的养分量高出无肥处理2～3倍。水分条件对农田养分移出量的作用虽不如施肥明显,但在较好的降水条件下,即使较为理想的施肥模式,玉米地土壤中养分仍有可能出现赤字;氮肥的施用加剧了土壤磷的赤字,而氮、磷肥施用可加剧土壤钾收支赤字,有机肥的施用可以使养分收支赤字得到缓解;水分条件的改善则加速了养分收支赤字的出现,但适宜的水分供给对氮肥利用效率的提高作用显著。【结论】在下辽河平原地区,水肥条件对玉米土壤养分收支有显著影响,水分条件适宜土壤养分收支出现赤字的可能性增大,但保持农业系统养分循环再利用并根据土壤肥力适当施用化肥,既可满足作物丰产的养分需求又有利于平衡土壤养分收支,提高氮肥利用效率,减少农业对环境的影响。
【Objective】The objectives of this paper are to elucidate the effects of nutrient-water on the nutrient budget of N,P,K and the fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency in farmland soil. 【Method】 The effects were studied by the information of long-term field trial and meteorological observation data.【Result】The quantity of nutrients uptaken by maize were more significantly influenced by fertilization than precipitation,and increased by two or three times with different fertilization conditions. It was also possible that the deficit of soil nutrient appeared with proper precipitation,even under the best fertilization pattern. N fertilizer resulted in higher deficiency of soil P; and the fertilizers of N and P resulted in higher deficiency of K. Nutrient deficiency in soil were getting smaller with manure application. It is easy to occur nutrients deficiency with precipitation condition improvement. The appropriate precipitation can improve fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency significantly. 【Conclusion】In Low Reach of Liaohe River Plain,soil nutrient budget in maize farmland was influenced by water and fertilization conditions obviously. There was a high possibility that the nutrient deficiency would appear in normal precipitation year. The use of recycled nutrients in the farming systems with appropriate amount of fertilizer applied according to the soil nutrient supplying ability not only could produce high crop yield,but also beneficial to the balance the soil nutrient budget and improve fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency,so there were no significant surplus of nutrients which may emit or leach out of soil into environment.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期1727-1734,共8页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40701067)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX2-YW-407)
国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD05B01)
关键词
下辽河平原
玉米
长期田间试验
降水
施肥
土壤养分收支
氮肥利用效率
Low Reach of Liaohe River Plain
Maize
Long-term field trial
Precipitation
Fertilization
Soil nutrient budget
Fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency
