摘要
近年来,人们对刺吸式昆虫唾液成分的研究,揭示出其在刺吸式昆虫与植物关系中的重要作用。对多数刺吸式昆虫而言,他们取食时会分泌胶状和水状两种唾液,其中胶状唾液会在取食早期分泌形成唾液鞘来围绕并保护口针,通过直接和间接的作用来帮助取食;而水状唾液中则包含了果胶酶、纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、蔗糖酶等组分,来帮助刺吸式昆虫对植物穿刺、消化食物、解毒次生物质并破坏植物的防御反应。有趣的是,唾液成分同时还可以诱导植物的防御反应,包括诱导植物的伤信号引起直接防御反应和诱导植物产生挥发物吸引植食者的天敌引起间接防御反应。并且,许多刺吸式昆虫取食能够特异性地引发植物的病理反应,有研究推测刺吸式昆虫唾液中多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶等成分可能是某些植物特定病理反应的激发子,但是目前还没有定论,同时许多刺吸式昆虫唾液中的氨基酸和蛋白酶还是引起植物虫瘿的原因之一。迄今的研究表明,刺吸式昆虫会根据不同的寄主植物和不同的生理需要,通过唾液组分的改变,来达到取食和发育的目的。对刺吸式昆虫唾液成分和作用机理的研究,可以为揭示刺吸式昆虫致害机理特别是传毒机理、指导害虫有效治理、阐明其与植物的协同进化等提供一定的思路。
Recent researches of piercing-sucking insect saliva have revealed that salivary components play important roles in relationships between piercing-sucking insects and plants. For most piercing-sucking insects, they will secrete gell saliva and watery saliva when they feed on plants. The gell saliva will be secreted at the early stage of feeding to form salivary sheath, which is supposed to surround and protect the stylet. This saliva can help piercing-sucking insects to feed on plants directly and indirectly. Meanwhile, the watery saliva contains many components like pectnase, cellulose, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, etc. These components can help piercing-sucking insects in plant tissue penetration, food digestion, detoxification of plant secondary substances and break-down of plant defence reaction. Paradoxically, salivary components can also trigger defence reaction of plants. They can either elicit plant wounding messengers to trigger the direct defence reaction or elicit the production of plant volatiles to attract carnivorous natural enemies. Many piercing-sucking insects can cause plant pathological reaction differentially and some researches assumed that piereing-sucking insect salivary enzymes, such as polygalacturonase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, etc., might be responsible for that. However, there have been no direct evidences for these hypotheses. Moreover, the amino acids and proteinase in piercing-sucking insect saliva are responsible for gall-forming of plants. It has been demonstrated that piercing-sucking insects can change salivary components to adapt different host plant species and meet different physiological requirements. Researches in salivary components of piercing-sucking insects may elucidate mechanisms in outbreaks,damages and virus transmission of piercing-sucking insect pests and piercing-sucking insect-plant coevolution, and may also have significance in guiding insect pest management.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第5期537-544,共8页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划“973”项目(2002CB111400)
关键词
刺吸式昆虫
唾液成分
植物诱导反应
协同进化
寄主植物
害虫有效治理
Piercing-sucking insects
salivary components
plant induced reaction
coevolution
host plants
effective pest management
