摘要
通过对新疆和田河流域近40年来土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)特点进行分析,研究其生态环境效应。通过对和田河流域上游、中游、下游土地利用变化的变化幅度、变化速度、综合动态度及区域差异分析,结果表明:(1)全流域、上游、中游和下游土地利用变化的幅度和速度均发生较大变化,全流域综合动态度为0.16,上游为0.08,中游为0.26,下游为0.16,并且存在明显的空间差异,上游相对变化率为0.5,中游为1.625,下游为1.0。(2)土地利用结构变化表现为林地、草地和水域明显减少,耕地、城镇用地和未利用地增加,反映出区域城镇化进程的加快和生态环境恶化的趋势。(3)上游山地生态系统冰川退缩、天然植被退化;中游绿洲生态系统耕地扩张迅速,土壤盐渍化,人工渠、水库增加显著;下游荒漠生态系统植被退化,水资源严重不足,土地沙化。
Land-use and land-cover change is one of the important issues in global change research because it is not only the significant component but also the major reason of global change. The purpose of this paper is to study the features of Land Use/Cover Change （LUCC） in nearly 40 years in the Hetian River Basin,which is located in Xinjiang with extreme drought climate, and to analyze its eco-environment. In this study,the Hetian River Basin＇s development process is divided into two stages： the 1960s of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Based on RS and GIS,this study is used analyzing the vector data of topographic map of 1960s and images interpretation of 2000. From the changing amplitude, changing rate, integrate dynamic degree and regional differences of land use and cover, the changing characteristics of LUCC in the Hetian River Basin are analyzed,and its contrast a- mong the upper reaches,the middle reaches and the lower reaches is made. The result shows that （ 1 ） RS and GIS are powerful techniques and methods in capturing oasis LUCC data and analyzing its spatial change; （2）The change amplitude and the change rate in the whole basin, upper, middle and lower reaches are very serious. The whole basins integrate dynamic degree is 0.16, the upper reaches is 0.08, the middle reaches is 0.26, the lower reaches is 0. 16, and the regional differences of LUCC are evident,the relative rate of change in the upper, middle and lower reaches are 0.5, I. 625 and 1.0 respectively ; （3） Changes of 1 and use structure show that woodland, grassland and water area were decreased, on the contrary, cropland, urban land and unused land were increased. These characteristics reflect the deterioration of eco-environment and the acceleration of urbanization; （4） In the upper Mountain Ecosystems, the glacier has been shrunk ,natural vegetation degraded ; in the middle Oasis Ecosystem,cropland have been developed in a certain extent, salinization degree, artificial ditches, reservoirs were increased; in the lower Desert Ecosystem, the vegetation was degraded greatly, water shortage serious, desertification of land have been taken nlace.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期449-455,共7页
Arid Land Geography
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目:新疆近50年LUCC及其生态环境效应研究(KZCX3-SW-327)
关键词
和田河流域
LUCC
动态变化
生态环境效应
the Hetian River Basin, LUCC
dynamic change
eco-environmental responses
