摘要
【目的】研究红火蚁入侵中国大陆历史、局域及长距离传播扩散规律问题,为预防和控制该虫提供科学依据。【方法】通过实地调查获得并分析华南地区多个红火蚁入侵事件的主要参数,建立并应用相关模型对红火蚁入侵历史、传播规律进行研究。【结果】对8个典型入侵事件的主要参数研究结果表明,在华南地区红火蚁局域扩散速度一般为110～190m·a-1。分别建立了疫区面积(Sq)、蚁巢分布面积(Sf)、蚁巢数量(Nm)、中心区蚁巢密度(Dm)等指标和入侵时间之间关系的数学模型,分别是Sq=166384e0.5345T、Sf=28997e0.5784T、Nm=59.966e1.1756T、Dm=6.4533lnT-0.9852。应用以上模型推测红火蚁入侵华南地区已有10年以上历史,其中入侵深圳、广州、吴川时间较早,入侵年份分别为1995年、1995年、1996年,1998～2005年扩展到其它20多个地区。目前,华南地区红火蚁空间分布特征呈明显的"2-2-2"型,即珠江三角洲、惠州、河源和粤西吴川、阳春、高州、电白、茂港两大块区域;东部的新罗、上杭、大埔、西部的岑溪、陆川、北流两小块;南宁、张家界两个空间跳跃点。红火蚁侵入县级区域数量和入侵后时间长度之间关系模型为Y1=2.6094X1.0368、Y2=4.1923X0.9699,年传播扩散距离为80km左右。【结论】红火蚁入侵华南地区历史较长,侵入区域多,局域扩散速度慢,长距离传播扩散速度较快。
[Objective] Red imported fire ant （RIFA） Solenopsis invicta Buren, a famous dangerous alien species in the world, was found to infest firstly at Wuchuan, Guangdong, China＇s mainland in September 28, 2004. It distributed more than 30 counties and infested at 27 000 ha in late 2005. It had already caused serious damages to agriculture, human heath and ecosystems in these areas. Parameters related to the invasion of RIFA were investigated to explore its expansion pattern. [ Method ] In this study, most of 4 parameters of more than twenty invading cases were collected and analyzed, and the introducing time and expansion pattern of different cases were revealed according to the models that had been built up. [ Result] Models between acreage of quarantine area （Sq）, acreage of area occupied by active mounds （Sf）, active mounds quantity （Nm）, density of active mounds at centre of infestation area （Din） and duration from introduction time （T） were constructed, respectively, as follows： Sq=166384e~＇5345T, Sf=28997e~＇5784T, Nm=59.966el＂1756Tand Dm=6.45331nT - 0.9852. Speed of average location expansion of RIFA in south China was about 110-190 meters per year respectively by the models Sq--166384e~＇5345T and Si=28997e^5784T. The method to determine the time when RIFA was introduced was built up according to the above models and data collected on the invading cases of RIFA. By analysis of the above models, RIFA was introduced and located the first time in China＇s mainland about 10 years ago, and infested earlier in Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Wuchuan, then was introduced into other regions by transportation. Currently, the spatial distribution appeared in type of 2-2-2 obviously, including two large blocks, two small blocks and two skipping spots. One large block was composed of Zhujiang river delta, Huizhou and Heyuan, the other Wuchuan, Yangchun, Gaozhou, Dianbai and Maogang. Two little blocks included Xinluo, Shanghang, Dapu and Cenxi, Luchuan, Beiliu, respectively. Nanning and Zhangjiajie were the two skipping spots in geography. According to COI gene diversity, introduction time and geographical distribution, RIFA was introduced through more than two ways, more than one spot and one time. The number of counties infested by RIFA in south China was significantly correlated to the duration after introduction, and the models were presented as Y1=2.6094X^1.0368 and Y2=4.1923X ^0.9699. The number of counties infested in going-on decades was forecasted to be 43-58 in 2010, 120-150 in 2035, and the increasing speed was 3-4 counties per year. The expansion speed was shown to be 33.6 km per year and 98.3 km per year respectively by the methods of square root of acreage and beeline distance. The expansion speed was about 80 km per year. [ Conclusion ] The duration for invasion of RIFA into south China was about 10 year, and the districts infested were more than 30 late 2005. The local expansion speed was slown as 110-190 meters per year, but that speed at long distance was high, about 80 km per year.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期1053-1063,共11页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(305712427)
国家"973"计划项目(2002CB111400)
广东省科技计划项目(2005A20401001
2006A20301005)
关键词
红火蚁
入侵历史
扩散速度
华南
Solenopsis invicta Buren
Introduction history
Expansion speed
South China
