摘要
【目的】研究不同棚龄日光温室蔬菜地土壤主要养分含量及变化规律,为设施蔬菜地合理施肥提供依据。【方法】采集杨凌区3,5和8年棚龄的日光温室蔬菜地和相邻农田0-100 cm土样（每20 cm采一样品）,测定土壤各剖面的pH、有机质、全N、全P、全K、速效P和速效K等主要养分含量,并计算其累积量。【结果】3,5和8年棚龄的日光温室蔬菜地耕层（0-20 cm土层）土壤pH值分别是7.90,7.75和7.55,分别比相邻农田耕层土壤（pH值8.20）降低了0.30、0.45和0.65；0-100 cm土层速效P累积总量分别为574.0,837.4和1 189.8 kg/hm^2,分别较相邻农田（89.2 kg/hm^2）高5.43,8.40和12.35倍；速效K累积总量分别为2 272.3,3 378.3和5 204.5 kg/hm^2,分别较相邻农田（1 535.4 kg/hm^2）高0.48,1.20和2.39倍；全N累积总量分别为9.1,7.1和10.1 Mg/hm^2,分别较相邻农田（4.2 Mg/hm^2）高1.17,0.69和1.40倍；全P累积总量分别为48.6,53.2和79.7 Mg/hm^2,分别较相邻农田（33.8Mg/hm^2）高0.44,0.57和1.36倍。菜地养分累积以0-20 cm为主,形成养分富积层,其次为20-40 cm；40-100 cm菜地土壤养分也有不同程度的累积。与相邻农田相比,各种养分的富集率大小次序为：速效P〉速效K〉全N〉全P〉全K〉有机质。【结论】日光温室蔬菜地土壤有酸化趋势,各种养分（尤其是速效P）大量累积。
【Objective】 The main nutrients＇ concentration and varying law of soil nutrients were studied in vegetable greenhouses under different cultivation times in order to offer basis for reasonable application of fertilizers to protected vegetable fields.【Method】 Vegetable greenhouses under different cultivation times of 3,5 and 8 years and their adjacent crop fields in Yangling,Shaanxi province were selected,pH and concentration of main nutrients（O.M.,total N,total P,total K,Olsen-P,and available K） of soil profile（0-100 cm） were measured,and accumulation amounts of them were also calculated.【Result】 Compared with adjacent crop field（pH 8.20）,soil pH of vegetable greenhouses under different cultivation times of 3,5 and 8 years in the profile of 0-20 cm were 7.90,7.75 and 7.55 respectively,decreasing by 0.30,0.45 and 0.65 pH units.Accumulation amounts of available P in soil profiles of 0-100 cm of vegetable greenhouses were 574.0,837.4 and 1 189.8 kg/hm^2 respectively,5.43,8.40 and 12.35 times higher than that of adjacent crop field（89.16 kg/hm^2）.Accumulation amounts of available K were 2 272.3,3 378.3 and 5 204.5 kg/hm^2 respectively,0.48,1.20 and 2.39 times higher than that of adjacent crop field（1 535.4 kg/hm^2）.Accumulation amounts of total N were 9.1,7.1 and 10.1 Mg/hm^2 respectively,1.17,0.69 and 1.40 times higher than that of adjacent crop field（4.2 Mg/hm^2）.Accumulation amounts of total P were 48.6,53.2 and 79.7 Mg/hm^2 respectively,0.44,0.57 and 1.36 times higher than that of adjacent crop fields（33.8 Mg/hm^2）.Most of nutrients were accumulated greatly in the profile of 0-20 cm to form the layer of nutrient enrichment,then in 20-40 cm,and there also were nutrient accumulations in soil profile of 40-100 cm under different degrees.Compared with adjacent crop fields,accumulation rates of different soil nutrients were displayed as available P〉available K〉Total N〉Total K〉O.M.【Conclusion】 There were the tendency of acidification and great accumulations of different nutrients（especially available P） in the soil of vegetable greenhouse,which showed that applied fertilizers had exceeded the demands of vegetables,and fertilizers should be applied reasonably in the future.
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期129-134,共6页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
西北农林科技大学科研专项(04ZM104)
关键词
日光温室蔬菜地
养分累积
有机质
氮
磷
钾
vegetable greenhouse field
nutrients accumulation
organic matter
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
