摘要
我国是古代世界青铜合金技术发展水平最高的国家之一，十年来，国内外学者进行了许多研究，并取得了许多积极成果。其中工作开展得较早的，日本学者有近重真澄［１］、道野鹤松等人，我国学者有梁津［２］等人；其中批量分析数较大的，我国学者先后有梁树权［３］、李敏生等人；李敏生等于１９８２、１９８４年两次，曾先后分析了殷墟妇好墓和小屯村西殷代墓葬出土的１３８件青铜器［４］。迄今为止，国内外学者分析过的我国古代青铜数应以千计。这些分析都极大地增进了人们对我国古代青铜合金技术的了解。但由于多方面原因，目前还存在两个问题：（１）是过去的分析研究局限于某一较小的时间和地域范围，很少进行全面系统的研究；有的历史时期分析试样较多，有的则分析较少。（２）对青铜合金技术与社会发展的关系很少涉及。本文的目的是通过大量实物分析资料的综合考察，来探讨我国古代青铜合金技术发明、发展的一般情况及其在我国古代文明史中的地位，并对我国某些考古文化的分期提出了一些自己的看法。
This paper inquires into the alloy composition of several hundred bron wares of the pre-Qin Period. Through the synthetic study of a vast amount of analytic data , it advances two new viewpoints. ( 1 ) The development of alloying technique f bronze in ancient China basically underwent four stages. The first stage is one of pre nancy corresponding to the period of the Yangshao culture till the Longshan-Qijia cu ture , when the metallurgical technique was just invented. Some bronze alloys appear during this stage , but they were all produced unconsciously with use of mineral inte growth. The second stage is one of invention and initial development . corresponding the period of the Erlitou culture till the Erligang culture ,when quite a number of copper- tin as well as copper-lead bronzes were produced consciously and made use of , and th it should be called the early Bronze Age. The third stage is one of establishment , whi corresponds to the period from the Yin-Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty when the Cu-Sn binary system and the Cu-Sn-Pb ternary system with tin as the chief a loying element were fully established and china entered into the ripe Bronze Age. T fourth stage is one of improvement , corresponding to the spring and Autumn Period ti the Warring States , when the “six compositions” for bronze-making came to be work out. (2) One key factor for ancient China to obtain the most outstanding success in the world concerning the technique of alloying bronze is that the ancient Chinese had grad ally formed quite early a rational alloy syste
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSCD
1997年第3期273-286,共14页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
关键词
先秦
青铜
合金技术
铜合金
pre-Qin period , bronze , alloy , technique
