摘要
植物在长期的进化过程中,需要不断地抵抗病原微生物、昆虫甚至食草动物的侵害。在这种长期相互作用、相互影响的共进化过程中,植物逐渐获得了一系列复杂的防御机制来保护自己。这里既有专一性的抗性,也有非专一性抗性,有的表达是组成型的而有的是诱导型的。在植物抵抗病原侵染的过程中,关键环节是病原与寄主植物间的相互识别及其随后诱发的一系列反应。人们虽然对植物抗病机理及植物抗病性在生产应用等方面做了大量的工作,积累了相当多的资料,但由于一直未能克隆到植物的抗病基因,所以在90年代初期以前有关植物抗病性的分子生物学研究进展一直都很缓慢。而最近的几年里,人们克隆到了一些植物的抗病基因,使得对寄主-病原相互作用分子机理的研究得到迅速的发展,并为抗病基因在生产中的应用带来了新的前景。
As the rapid development of molecular biological techniques, scientists have achieved a great deal in probing the plant-pathogen (bacteria and fungi) interaction at molecular level. Nine plant disease-resistant genes (R genes) have been cloned and they can be divided into four classes. The most important characteristic of R genes is that they encode a leucine rich repeat motif or a ser-ine-threonine protein kinase motif. They might involve in the specific recognition between host and pathogen, activating the subsequent signal transduction which leads to the hypersensitive response in the host plant. The common feature of coding for leucine rich repeat motif and tandem arraying in the chromosomes seem indicating the common ancestral for these genes. This paper also summarizes the current work on studies of anti-fungal and.-bacterial genes at molecular level in the authors' laboratories .
关键词
植物
抗病性
抗病基因
分子生物学
Hypersensitive response, Gene-for-gene hypothesis, Leucine rich repeat motif, Ser-ine-threonine protein kinase
