摘要
针对单元疏散空间的疏散能力问题,提出了单元疏散空间(建筑物只有一个出口)的离散时间疏散模型.模型中考虑了人群密度对疏散能力的影响,改变以往把建筑出口疏散能力视为常数而带来的不能真实反应其疏散能力的状况.结果表明:初始疏散密度确定时,在不同的出口宽度下,C型疏散时间略小于L型疏散时间,这种时间差距随着出口宽度的减小而减小,计算结果与Simulex模拟得出的结果近似;建筑物的疏散能力与出口宽度之间呈非线性关系;根据滞留情况,可以确定建筑的最佳出口宽度.模型能够真实地反映出口疏散能力,研究结果可以用于建筑出口的性能化设计.
Based on the research into the evacuation capability of the evacuation space unit （a building which has a single egress）, a discrete time evacuation model （DTEM） was proposed. The model considered the influence of the crowd density on the evacuation capability, and the capacity of the egress was taken as a variable rather than a constant as former. This made the evacuation capability more approximate to the truth. The evacuation capability of the evacuation space unit and the situation of the stagnated crowd were discussed under certain initial crowd density. The results show that when the initial crowd density was defined, the evacuation time of C type was a little less than that of L type with different widths of the egress, and the stagnation of the two evacuation types was almost the same when the widths of the egresses were the same. The relationship between evacuation capability of the evacuation space unit and the width of the egress was nolinear. According to the stagnation at the egress, the optimum width of the evacuation space unit could be defined. Simulex software was adopted to test the reliability of the model. The model could be used in the building egress performance design.
出处
《天津大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第1期65-71,共7页
Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology)
基金
国家十五攻关滚动基金资助项目(2004BA803B05-03)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(70373031)
关键词
离散时间疏散模型
人群密度
人流通过率
滞留
建筑出口设计
discrete time evacuation model
crowd density
crowd-flow rate
stagnation
design of building egress
