摘要
1969～1986年期间,曾在1969～1970,1978～1979,1980～1984,和1986共10个年分里每年有一对东方白鹳(Ciconia ciconia boyciana Swinhoe)先后在7个地点营巢繁殖,本文总结了10次营巢与繁殖情况,并对其繁殖过程机率作了时间空间分析。
We have made investigations and observations on the bred situation of the Oriental white storks (Ciconia ciconia boyciana Swinhoe) in the east suburb of Qiqihar from 1969 to 1986. The birds nested at 7 places, where located the N 47°9'-47°19' and the E 124°128-124°21'. the total surface of the area is about 90-132 Km2. The bred situatio nand their nested spots distribution show in the map 1 and the table 1.
In order to tell the breeding circumstance of the white storks in the suburb of Qiqihar, we use the table 2 and 3 to show the rates of nesting, egg-laying, hatchability, nestling survival, and their increase rate with thos compared with the rates of failured and losses within 18 years.
We take up the problems to solved in the breeding of the Oriental White Storks.
1 The rarity of breeding number and the low of nesting rate.
2 The successful times of egg-laying and its rate were decreased for the interference of the human. (see table 1-3)
3 The rate of egg loss and low rate of nestling, In 18 years 22 eggs were laid, only 11 were successed, 11 lost is about 50%. The causes are as following
( 1 ) Natural factors
In 1983, 2 eggs were cost by wind directly about 9.09% lost oi the total.
The successful rate of breeding decreased by 10 percent, it's about 5.6%
a year. They were 4 eggs unfertilized about 18.2%. ( 2 ) Human facturs
In 18 years, 3 eggs were lost by human directly, about 13.6% of the
total. and the success rate of breeding decreased by 10%.
4 The Low rate of the nestling surviving.
In 18 years 9 nestling were survived, Actually increase rate of a year should be 0.095(Yr). In fact rate is only 0.061 (Ar). The reasons are as following.
( 1 ) Befor the establishment of the reserve 3 young birds, but they caught by inhabitants and sold to park, if are survivied the three young birds added
to nature the actual increase rate should be for Ln 9- Ln2/18 = 0.836.
( 2 ) For the neccessity of the reserve, 2 young once were caught or it, made the (Ar) from 0.077 to 0.061 (same as ( 1 ) mentioned).
( 3 ) In 1981 the researcher went near the nest the parent bird was threatend and flew awy, one of the nestling was killed by the sudden action. Another one died naturally, the two accidents made the survival young birds from 11 down to 9, so the nature increase rate from 0.104 to 0.095 and the (Ar) from 0.077 fell down to 0.061.
5 The successful and failure rate of breeding
The breeding success rate is 4/10, that the rate of a year is 4/18 = 22%. The failure rat is 60% and78% separatly.
6 What's the future for their descendants!
There are 9 nestling have been alived, 5 among them are captive, they are mixed up with many kinds of birds in a small cage for many years in the park 2 birds died in 1983 and 1985 separatlly. We do not knew about the other 4 descendants in wild.
Suggestion
We make the following suggestion for the protection of the white stork.
1 More nesting conditions should be created to increase the number of the white stork.
2 More research work affective measures shoul be done to protect and educate the people.
Discussions
AAccording to the distribution of the Oriental White Stork in northern east Asia. We can regard Qiqihar and Xianghai (Kirin province) as the southwest rang of the breeding area of them.
2 Whether this one nest of the white storks is for same pair in every bred years worth to be discussed, because we couldn't put band on the parents of the birds. A pair or the male of the Oriental White Stork could nest in same place for many years. So I think that the datum of our studied during 18 years may be some use fulfor their biology and protection.
关键词
东方白鹳
繁殖
时间分析
The Oriental White storks, opportunity of breeding proccess, Analysis with the times and space factors.
