摘要
本文根据联合国OECD和UNEP提出的"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)框架模型和流域生态系统的特点,通过建立流域生态系统健康评价的指标体系和评价模型,对福建省诏安东溪流域的生态系统健康状态进行评价。研究的基本思路是:首先,选取人口密度、GDP年增长率、人均拥有水资源量、年降雨量、森林覆盖率、工业废水达标处理率等能够充分反映流域压力、状态和响应的指标构建评价指标体系;其次,通过专家打分的方法对各评价指标进行权重分配,参考湿地的生态系统健康评价方法和相关标准对流域生态系统健康评价的各个指标进行标准化赋值;再次,提出了流域生态系统健康综合评价模型,得出流域生态系统健康综合指数;最后,把流域生态系统健康状态分为5个等级,分别是:良好状态、较好状态、警戒状态、较差状态和极差状态。根据流域生态系统健康综合指数,确定流域生态系统健康状况。研究结果表明,东溪流域生态系统健康评价指数(E)为0.5898,东溪流域生态系统健康处于警戒状态。
In this paper, an indicator system based on the Pressure-State-Response （PSR） model proposed by the OECD and UNEP is developed to evaluate ecosystem health for River basin. The indicator system of the ecosystem health for the River basin is composed of the pressures from nature and humans, the status of the ecosystem and the responses of human society.
Located in the coastal zone of southeast China, the economy of Dongxi River basin is relatively developed, the population density there is relatively higher, and natural resources is correspondingly indigent. The ecosystem health in the River basin is very important for sustainable development of the local social-economy. In a healthy River basin, ecosystem provides such services for human being as water resources supply, fish resources, flood diversion and storage, hydro-power, recreation, culture and scientific research, environmental purification, wildlife habitat, CO2 fixation, nutrient cycling etc.
In this paper, such indicators as population density, annual GDP growth, water resource per capita, annual precipitation, rate of forestland coverage, the rate of industrial waste water treatment were selected to reflect the pressure, the state and the response of the River basin firstly. Secondly, the weight of the indicators was confirmed by experts, and the assessment criteria were based on related national standard. Thirdly, the integrated assessment method for the healthy assessment of the River basin was proposed and the status of ecosystem health in Dongxi River basin was evaluated through this model. Lastly, five grades of ecosystem health status were classified, which are very good, good, moderate, low and very low. The status of ecosystem health in Dongxi River basin was evaluated. The results show that the ecological health index of Dongxi River basin is 0. 5898, which is in the moderate condition. Some strategies for improving ecological environment of Dongxi River basin were put forward： Firstly, the control of population growth and environmental regulations enforcement should be enhanced. Secondly, use of pesticides and fertilizers should be reduced. Thirdly, wastes treatment and ecological restoration project should be conducted particularly in the upper and middle streams of the River basin.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第1期107-113,共7页
Resources Science
基金
福建省科技计划项目:"人类活动影响下的海岛生态系统健康评价"(编号:2006F3078)
