摘要
本世纪以来对虎斑夜鳽分布地点的新发现,表明该种从滨海到内陆漫布于中国长江以南广大地区,并向北渗透直逼东洋界北限秦岭-淮河一线;作者据此将各地的虎斑夜鳽初划为11个亚群,提出目前该种存有3个相对健康而稳定的亚群,即黄山-天目山亚群、南岭亚群和广西亚群,且每个亚群的分布范围均至少不会小于5000km2,其中以黄山-天目山亚群的记录由历史至现今相对最为长久而完整,进而提出今后在上述诸亚群范围之外还会有新的发现。文中指出,尽管近期对虎斑夜分布状况有了新认识,目前仍可视该种的受胁等级为濒危。
The White-eared Night Heron（Gorsachius magnificus）has been treated as Critically Endangered（CR）and Endangered（EN）due to its rarity and the known highly fragmented distribution（Collar et al.,1994;IUCN,19976;BirdLife Internat.,2000,2001）,and the most mysterious heron bird in the world（Fellows et al.,2001）.In fact,until the very end of the 20th century,only about some 20 localities of the bird at county level had been reported since the bird was recognized in 1899,whilst,new sites found of the bird since the beginning of the 21st century have revealed that the bird is much widely distributed（He et al.,2007）,and,until up-to-date,13 new sites of the bird has been reported,bringing with them two new provinces（Jiangxi and Hunan）in central S China and one new province（Yunnan）in SW China enlarging the whole range of the bird remarkably.（See the sketch map）Based upon the new knowledge and understanding on all the far reported sites of the bird,from historical to present,the bird might hence be considered as being of 11 relatively separate subpopulations.1 Shennongjia-Wulingshan Subpopulation （ from 1992 to present） The first record to this subpopulafion was in May 1992 at the Yutouhe Reservoir （31°43＇N, 110°48＇E; 474 m） （Hu, 1999）, then at Houhe NR of Wufeng （WF on map） County （ Song and Liu, 1999） and at Zhouwan （31°45＇N, 110°56＇E; 440m） ofBaokang （BK on map） County （Zhou and Lu, 2002 ）, and quite possibly the bird in the subpopulation might be to extend to NW Hunan.2 Mufushan-Jiulingshan- Lushan Subpopulation （from 1902 to present） The first record might be due to that one female bird collected at Chongyang of central S Hubei （Birdl.lfe International, 2001 ） and from then on no record of the bird for a hundred years until one bird was seen at Lushan （Mt. Lu, LSh on map） of N Jiangxi on 19 October 2003 （He and Lin, 2004）, and, the very recent new finding of the bird at Liuyang （LY on map） of cenwal E Hunan might also be temporarily included into this subpopulation. 3 Dabieshan Subpopulation （ 1910-777 ） So far, there is only one record of the bird, which is a bird skin collected on 11 May 1910 at ＂Pen-kia-lin＂ （Pengjialing, 31° 10＇ N, 116° 04＇ E） not far from ＂Manchoei-ho＂ （Manshuihe, 31° 11＇ N, 116000, E, MShH on map） on the road from ＂ Ho-Shan＂ （Huoshan） to ＂Yng-Shan＂ （Yingshan）, according to Pere Courtois （1916）. Dabieshan （Mt. Dabie） is located at the border area of SE Henan, W Anhui （Anhwei）, and E Hubei, with quite a big area to support the species, and, this subpopulation together with the one around Shennonngjia- Wulingshan as mentioned above, are the two subpopulations of the bird occm-fing on the north bank of the Yangtze River and right reaching to the north limit of the Oriental Realm. 4 Huangshan-Tianmushma Subpopulation （ from 1901 to present） The first record of this subpopulation might be due to the two bird skins collected in July 1901 at ＂Chinteh＂ （Jingde County, 30°17＇N, 118°32＇E, 205m, J-D on map） （Styan, 1902; He and Lin, 2004; He et al., 2007）, which is also the second global record of the spies. More records include the bird collecting in W Taanmushan （ Mt. Yaanmu） in May 1954 and in July 1957, one bird was observed in central Wuyuan （WY on map） in August 2001 （He and Lin, 2004; He et al., 2007） and one bird was seen in the summer season 2006 by Dr. Vladimir Dinets just at the Xuancheng （XCh on map） Alligator Research Center, and, together with a breeding colony of the bird found quite recently at Qiandaohu Reservoir of Chun＇ an County （ Ch＇ An on map） （Chen, 2006; Li et d., 2007）. This is the subpopulafion relatively with most continuous records from historical to present and its range might include SE Anhui （Anhwai）, NW Zhejiang （Chekiang）, and NE Jiangxi （Kiangsi）. 5 Fujian Montane Subpopulation （from 1911 to present） Four historical records of the bird are from Fujian （Fokien） （BirdLife Internatinal, 2001）. On 26 March and then on 8 Apr. 2005, a heron bird which looks rather like the White-eared Night Heron was seen at dawn by JIANG Hang-Dong and others in a stream near the Lingshi Si （Ling-sioh Monastery） at Fuqing, and, on 12 Dec. 2005, they saw one bird extremely like the White-eared Night Heron standing by a reservoir at dawn at Gufian County （26°34＇N, 18044＇ E, GT on map） of central Fujian. Though it is believed that the bird might now doubtlessly be occurring in Fujian, more definite record of the bird in this subpopulation is to be further confirmed. 6 Nanling （ South China Range ） Subpopulation （from 1960 to present） Though one male was collected as early as on 22 Mar. 1960 at Huashuishan of Yingde, N Guangdong, this record was not reported until the early 1990s （ South- China Endangered Animals Institute, 1991 ）, then the bird was reported found at Chebaling of Shixing County （Gao, 1999; Gao et al., 2000） and at Nankunshan of Longmen County （23°43＇N, 114°13＇E, LM on map） （ Gao, 2003） with more juvenile birds found there quite recently （Peng et al., 2005 ; Gao and Guo, 2005）. Furthermore, since the very beginning of the 21st century, the bird was found and reported repeatedly from Ji,,linnshan of Longnan County （LN on map）, SW Jiangxi （Liu and Xiao, 2001 ; Li and Chen, 2002; Tang and Liao, 2003; He and Lin, 2004 ）, making the subpopulation virtually confirmed （He et al., 2007）. It is therefore predictable that the bird might also be found distributed in SE Hunan. 7 Guangxi SubIxrpulation （from 1929 to present） Historically the bird was once collected at Dayaoshan of Jinxiu in central Guangxi and described as ＂extremely rare＂ of its status （Yen, 1933-1934）. The bird was re-discovered in the wild in Guangxi in 1990 （Zhou, 1994）, and, by constant effort of the field research work （Lee, 1998; Zhou and Zhou, 2004; （Que et al., 2005）, it presents an good case of how a subpopulation of the White-eared Night Heron bird it can survive around a big city, Nanning, and how the density the bird could achieve to. The subpopulation extends from its centre at Nanning, the capital city of Guangxi Autonomous Region, with a radius of 50-100 km, and the localities at county level including Hengxian （HX on map ）, Yongning （YN on map）, Shangsi, Fusui, Long＇ an, Wuming, and to the suburban area of Nanning, and, notably, with more than one site at each locality. 8 Vietnam Subpopulatlon （from 1975 to present） Two bird records so far reported from N Vietnam, the first one was in the 1970s near Hoa Binh some 100 km southwestwards Ha Noi （Birdl,ife International, 2001）, and the second was at Lung Ly limestone forest in very N Vietnam not far from the border to China （ Birdl,ife International, 2004）. According to the Birdl.ife International （2004）： ＂The rediscovery of White-eared Night Heron at Ltmg Ly limestone forest confirms the continued presence of this species in Vietnam, and reveals that the forest habitat at Ltmg Ly is part of an Endemic Bird Area （EBA） in north-eastern Vietnam and southern China.＂ 9 Hainan Subpopulation （from 1899 to 1962 to present （？）） The Hainan Island holds the type locality of the bird and only with two more records in the early 1960s, on 18 Apr. 1961 at Baisha （ Shaw and Hsu, 1966） and in November 1962 at Jianfengling of Ledong （Guangdong Institute of Entomology and Bio. Dept. of Zhongshan Univ., 1983）, respectively. More attention might hence be paid onto the current status of the bird on the island. 10 Ytmnan Ailaoshan Subpopulation （from Oct. 2oo6） In very early dawn of 28 Oct. 2006, one bird was captured by people of the local bird banding station at Jinshan Pass of south section ofAilaoshan （Mt. Ailao） in Xinping （the station： 23°57＇N, 101°30＇E, 2 300 m; XP on map） and then another bird was found near the Fenghuangshan bird banding statuon in Nanjian （the station： 24°53＇N, 100°19＇E, 2300m; NJ on map） of the north Ailaoshan. The two localities are over 160 km apart and a subpopulation might hence be recognized. This subpopulation is a significant new finding to the White-e
出处
《动物分类学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第4期802-813,共12页
Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica
关键词
虎斑夜鳽
分布
亚群态势
White-eared Night Heron Gorsachius magnificus,distribution,subpopulations
