摘要
熵流是大气耗散结构理论的核心概念。作者从强天气现象观测事实分析与理论研究两个方面入手,讨论了熵流与大气系统演变的关系。前者主要涉及美国近50年龙卷、雷暴大风和冰雹事件的时间演变,后者从Gibbs关系出发导得熵平衡方程,并对一个强天气系统台风麦莎(2005)进行熵流分析,从而揭示出熵作为一个热力学无序度的度量对大气系统的适用性。研究显示,负熵流有助于大气系统的发展,而大气圈作为一个整体将朝着愈益背离平衡态的高度组织化的方向演变。
More attention has been paid to the ultimate result of the evolution of the earth＇s atmosphere, as is originating from the facts of the global warming and trends of extreme weather and climate events towards violence that might directly influence the future vivosphere for the human rate. The theory of dissipative structures created by I. Prigogine （1955） points out that an open system will be driven further from equilibrium by negative entropy flow entering into it and, early in the 1940s, E. Schr6dinger （1992） mentioned in his monograph ＂What Is Life？＂ that life＇s existence depends on its continuous gain of ＂negentropy＂ from its surroundings, suggesting that negative entropy is something very positive for structural creation and evolution within a thermodynamic system. However, the effect of negative entropy flow on the evolution of the atmospheric systems is unknown. Here the authors show that entropy flow diagnosis is a powerful tool in understanding the mechanism responsible for the atmospheric ordered systems. Based on the observational data, the authors found that the numbers of severe weather events such as tornados, high winds and hails are dramatically increased in some regions, e.g. the United States, for recent 50 years and more, and revealed, using the entropy flow formula derived in this paper, that the growth of the devastating Typhoon Matsa （2005）, as an example of the ordered systems, relies greatly upon the negative entropy flow from its environment. The former suggests that the earth＇s atmosphere will be more and more organized with extreme weather processes caused frequently within it and, the latter suggests that the entropy flow methodology might be generalized to the other relevant fields to discuss the life-cycle of an ordered system, whether it is living or nonliving, from the point of view of ＂panmerism＂.
出处
《大气科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第6期1251-1256,共6页
Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目40475022
40333028
关键词
熵流
耗散结构
极端天气气候事件
entropy flow, dissipative structures, extreme weather and climate events
